An alloprosthetic composite implant comprising includes a structural porous scaffold having a pore density profile corresponding to a density profile of bone to be replaced. A plurality of cells are seeded within pores of the porous scaffold and grown by incubation. The cells may include osteoblasts and/or stem cells to form the structure of the implant, and one or more cartilage layers may be grown on top of the scaffold. The pore density profile of the scaffold may be formed based on one or both of the bone density profile of the bone to be removed, and the bone density profile of the native bone that will be in contact with the alloprosthetic implant. A robot may be employed reo resect the native bone and also to shape the alloprosthetic implant to fit into place in the native bone.

Provided is a method of stimulating regeneration of cartilage in an area of diseased cartilage in a layer of cartilage in a first bone of a joint. The method includes forming a first recess in the first bone at the area of diseased cartilage, and positioning a first spherical implant within the first recess, where the first spherical implant is dimensioned to be smaller than the first recess so that the first spherical implant is capable of moving in two dimensions within the first recess resulting in shear forces between the first spherical implant and the cartilage and stimulates formation of fibrous tissue which subsequently transforms into cartilage.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides tissue grafts, such as vascularized bone grafts, and methods for preparing and using such tissue grafts. In some embodiments the tissue grafts are made using pluripotent stem cells, such as autologous pluripotent stem cells. In some embodiments, the tissue grafts are made by creating a digital model of a tissue portion to be replaced or repaired, such as a bone defect, partitioning the model into two or more model segments, and then producing tissue graft segments having a size and shape corresponding to that of the model segments. Such tissue graft segments may be assembled to form a tissue graft having a size and shape corresponding to that of the tissue portion to be replaced or repaired.

Medical devices having engineered mechanically functional cartilage from adult human mesenchymal stem cells and method for making same.

An implant for repairing a cartilage defect comprising a first layer and a second layer. The first layer comprises a membrane-like structure and the second layer comprises a sponge-like structure with directional and/or interconnected pores. The first layer is facing the synovial space and the second layer is located towards bone.

The invention is directed to producing a shaped cartilage matrix isolated from a human or animal where the cartilage has been crafted to facilitate disinfection, cleaning, devitalization, recellularization, and/or integration after implantation. The invention relates to a process for repairing a cartilage defect and implantation of a cartilage graft into a human or animal by crafting the cartilage matrix into individual grafts, disinfecting and cleaning the cartilage graft, applying a pretreatment solution to the cartilage graft, removing cellular debris using an extracting solution to produce a devitalized cartilage graft, implanting the cartilage graft into the cartilage defect with or without an insertion device, and sealing the implanted cartilage graft with recipient tissue. The devitalized cartilage graft is optionally recellularized in vitro, in vivo, or in situ with viable cells to render the tissue vital before or after the implantation. The devitalized cartilage graft is also optionally stored between the removing cellular debris and the recellularizing steps.

In one aspect, an implant for replacing subject tissue includes a nonbiologic portion and a biologic portion grown on the nonbiologic portion. The biologic portion may be grown on the nonbiologic portion before being implanted in the subject. The nonbiologic portion may comprise a porous metal substrate (e.g., scaffolding). The nonbiologic portion may be formed by 3D printing (i.e., additive manufacturing). The nonbiologic portion may be patient-specific. A robot may be used to shape the implant before implantation and/or to shape bone being replaced/resurfaced.

Methods and compositions for the biological repair of cartilage using a hybrid construct combining both an inert structure and living core are described. The inert structure is intended to act not only as a delivery system to feed and grow a living core component, but also as an inducer of cell differentiation. The inert structure comprises concentric internal and external and inflatable/expandable balloon-like bio-polymers. The living core comprises the cell-matrix construct comprised of HDFs, for example, seeded in a scaffold. The method comprises surgically removing a damaged cartilage from a patient and inserting the hybrid construct into the cavity generated after the foregoing surgical intervention. The balloons of the inert structure are successively inflated within the target area, such as a joint, for example. Also disclosed herein are methods for growing and differentiating human fibroblasts into chondrocyte-like cells via mechanical strain.

Medical devices having engineered mechanically functional cartilage from adult human mesenchymal stem cells and method for making same.

Embodiments of the invention include instruments and methods useful in preparing and delivering graft material to a surgical site. Some embodiments may particularly be directed to forming a graft from a blood clot and accurately and effectively handling and delivering the graft to a surgical site. Graft material may include blood components such as clotted fibrin derived from a patient's or a donor's blood.