Hip replacement prosthesis are provided, comprising a femoral stem, a femoral head coupled to the femoral stem, and an acetabular assembly coupled to the femoral head, and a plurality of sensors coupled to at least of the femoral stem, femoral head, and acetabular assembly.

A surgical apparatus configured to be placed in the musculoskeletal system to precisely separate a first bone from a second bone. The surgical apparatus has one or more sensors to measure one or more parameters and supports one or more bone cuts for installing a prosthetic component. The surgical apparatus has three distraction mechanisms configured to increase or decrease a height between a first support structure and a second support structure. The tilt mechanism adjusts the tilt between the first support structure relative to the second support structure. The tilt mechanism of the surgical apparatus is adjusted from a first tilt to a second tilt to support a bone cut on one of the first or second bones.

A surgical apparatus configured to be placed in the musculoskeletal system to precisely separate a first bone from a second bone. The surgical apparatus has one or more sensors to measure one or more parameters and supports one or more bone cuts for installing a prosthetic component. The surgical apparatus has three distraction mechanisms configured to increase or decrease a height between a first support structure and a second support structure. The tilt mechanism adjusts the tilt between the first support structure relative to the second support structure. The tilt mechanism of the surgical apparatus is adjusted from a first tilt to a second tilt to support a bone cut on one of the first or second bones.

A surgical apparatus comprising a first distraction mechanism, a second distraction mechanism, and a third distraction mechanism. The surgical apparatus is configured to be placed in a joint of the musculoskeletal system to precisely separate the first bone from the second bone to support one or more bone cuts for installing a prosthetic joint. The first distraction mechanism simultaneously changes a height of a first side and a second side of the joint. The change in height is equal on the first and second sides. The second distraction mechanism changes the height on the first side of the joint but not the second side. The third distraction mechanism changes the height of the second side of the joint but not the first side. The surgical apparatus further includes at least one module to measure loading applied by the joint to the surgical apparatus.

A prosthetic disc can take the form of a sensing artificial disc that includes a resilient core and at least one sensor configured to sense one or more conditions within and/or experienced by the disc. The sensing artificial disc can serve as a replacement to a failed or injured disc between two vertebrae of a spine. The sensing artificial disc can include at least one element configured to change a condition or property of the resilient core in response to a condition sensed by the at least one sensor. A prosthetic disc can include therapeutic system configured to deliver medication to the body, which can include a reservoir of medication.

An orthopedic system to monitor a parameter related to the muscular-skeletal system is disclosed. The orthopedic system includes electronic circuitry, at least one sensor, and a computer to receive measurement data in real-time. The orthopedic system comprises a first plurality of shims of a first type, a second plurality of a second type, a measurement module, and the computer. The measurement module houses the electronic circuitry and at least one sensor. The measurement module is adapted to be used with the first plurality of shims and the second plurality of shims. The measurement module has a medial surface that differs from a lateral surface by shape, size, or contour.

An orthopedic system to monitor a parameter related to the muscular-skeletal system is disclosed. The orthopedic system includes electronic circuitry, at least one sensor, and a computer to receive measurement data in real-time. The orthopedic system comprises a first plurality of shims of a first type, a second plurality of a second type, a measurement module, and the computer. The measurement module houses the electronic circuitry and at least one sensor. The measurement module is adapted to be used with the first plurality of shims and the second plurality of shims. The measurement module has a medial surface that differs from a lateral surface by shape, size, or contour.

A prosthetic disc can take the form of a sensing artificial disc that includes a resilient core and at least one sensor configured to sense one or more conditions within and/or experienced by the disc. The sensing artificial disc can serve as a replacement to a failed or injured disc between two vertebrae of a spine. The sensing artificial disc can include at least one element configured to change a condition or property of the resilient core in response to a condition sensed by the at least one sensor. A prosthetic disc can include therapeutic system configured to deliver medication to the body, which can include a reservoir of medication.

Implantable in vivo sensors used to monitor physical, chemical or electrical parameters within a body. The in vivo sensors are integral with an implantable medical device and are responsive to externally or internally applied energy. Upon application of energy, the sensors undergo a phase change in at least part of the material of the device which is then detected external to the body by conventional techniques such as radiography, ultrasound imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, radio frequency imaging or the like. The in vivo sensors of the present invention may be employed to provide volumetric measurements, flow rate measurements, pressure measurements, electrical measurements, biochemical measurements, temperature, measurements, or measure the degree and type of deposits within the lumen of an endoluminal implant, such as a stent or other type of endoluminal conduit. The in vivo sensors may also be used therapeutically to modulate mechanical and/or physical properties of the endoluminal implant in response to the sensed or monitored parameter.

A method of measuring a specific absorption rate (SAR) of a hip joint implant using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), includes: arranging the hip joint implant in a human lower body-shaped phantom; arranging an electric field sensor around the hip joint implant; providing radio frequency (RF) energy according to an MRI sequence to the human phantom; and calculating the SAR of the hip joint implant from strength of an electric field measured by the electric field sensor.