Disclosed are apparatuses comprising at least one electrode element having a skin-facing surface; a skin contact layer comprising an adhesive composite, and an adhesive tape or bandage. Disclosed are methods comprising positioning one or more electrode assemblies on a target site of a subject, the one or more electrode assemblies comprising at least one electrode element having a skin-facing surface; a skin contact layer comprising a conductive adhesive composite, and an adhesive tape or bandage, wherein the at least one electrode element is electrically coupled to the skin contact layer. In some aspects, the methods further comprise removing at least one of the one or more electrode assemblies from the target site of the subject after a period of time. In some aspects, after removal of the one or more electrode assemblies, the target site is evaluated for an adverse event.

Described is a novel epicutaneous test plaster useful for the application of test substances for direct and continuous contact with the skin of a human patient. The plaster comprises a support lattice with a flexible carrier lattice adhered thereto, the combination forming a series of test chambers capable of receiving test substances for application to the skin.

The present invention provides for a novel epicutaneous test plaster useful for the application of test substances for direct and continuous contact with the skin of a human patient.

Methods, materials, articles, assemblies, systems, devices, kits and computer hardware/software for improving medical procedures, including, but not limited to, hemodialysis. Particular beneficial designs and uses of disinfecting patches, scab removal patches, hemostatic patches, healing patches and artificial scabs are included. For example, scab removal patches that avoid tenting, hemostatic patches with needle stabilizing elements, hemostatic patches applying pressure at a skin puncture site and a vessel puncture site, artificial scabs that release antimicrobial agents, etc.