The present disclosure relates generally to formulations, compositions or foodstuff additives for use in modulating a glycemic response for treating or preventing diabetes or obesity and processes and method of its manufacture. Described is a formulation, a composition or a foodstuff for modulating a glycemic response manufactured from at least one phenylpropanoid encapsulated in a first cyclodextrin; and a second cyclodextrin. Preferably, the at least one phenylpropanoid is quercetin, phlorizin, myricetin, dihydromyricetin or any combination thereof, the first cyclodextrin is gamma cyclodextrin, and the second cyclodextrin is alpha cyclodextrin.

The present disclosure relates generally to formulations, compositions or foodstuff additives for use in modulating a glycemic response for treating or preventing diabetes or obesity and processes and method of its manufacture. Described is a formulation, a composition or a foodstuff for modulating a glycemic response manufactured from at least one phenylpropanoid encapsulated in a first cyclodextrin; and a second cyclodextrin. Preferably, the at least one phenylpropanoid is quercetin, phlorizin, myricetin, dihydromyricetin or any combination thereof, the first cyclodextrin is gamma cyclodextrin, and the second cyclodextrin is alpha cyclodextrin.

The present disclosure provides a composition, a combination product, a medical device and the like for treating or preventing cancer or a tumor or preventing the recurrence of the cancer or the tumor. The present disclosure provides a composition, a combination product and a medical device for treating or preventing cancer or a tumor or preventing the recurrence of the cancer or the tumor, each of which comprises an immune checkpoint inhibitor and a dendritic cell direct activator or means. In another aspect, the present disclosure provides: a novel cancer treatment method which comprises carrying out a treatment of cancer by employing a combination of a treatment by the administration of an immune checkpoint inhibitor and a treatment for improving the sensitivity to the immune checkpoint inhibitor and, therefore, can be used as an immunotherapy that can be expected to have an excellent therapeutic effect; and a medicine which can be used for the cancer treatment method.

The present disclosure provides a composition, a combination product, a medical device and the like for treating or preventing cancer or a tumor or preventing the recurrence of the cancer or the tumor. The present disclosure provides a composition, a combination product and a medical device for treating or preventing cancer or a tumor or preventing the recurrence of the cancer or the tumor, each of which comprises an immune checkpoint inhibitor and a dendritic cell direct activator or means. In another aspect, the present disclosure provides: a novel cancer treatment method which comprises carrying out a treatment of cancer by employing a combination of a treatment by the administration of an immune checkpoint inhibitor and a treatment for improving the sensitivity to the immune checkpoint inhibitor and, therefore, can be used as an immunotherapy that can be expected to have an excellent therapeutic effect; and a medicine which can be used for the cancer treatment method.

Use of 2-pentanone and specific receptor thereof in a manufacture of a product regulating a cell function, a regulation of cell function, a manufacture of a product promoting an increase in an intracellular calcium ion concentration, or a manufacture of a product promoting an increase in a neuronal firing rate is provided. In the present disclosure, the specific receptor of 2-pentanone is expressed in cultured cells or animals, and its specific binding to 2-pentanone opens ligand-gated cation channels, resulting in an increase of intracellular calcium ion concentration, depolarization of cell membranes, and generation of electrical activity or endocrine activity, thereby finally achieving precise regulation of tissue cells and organ functions. After being treated, cells can be activated rapidly, producing effects with a rapid onset; once the treatment is stopped, the experimental effect can be quickly terminated to allow the cells to return to their original state quickly.

Provided are a pharmaceutical composition, a quasi-drug composition, a feed additive, a drinking water additive, a feed, and a drinking water for preventing, ameliorating, or treating porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) virus infection, each including, as an active ingredient, a complex including a curcuminoid-based compound and a licorice extract or a fraction thereof.

Provided are a pharmaceutical composition, a quasi-drug composition, a feed additive, a drinking water additive, a feed, and a drinking water for preventing, ameliorating, or treating porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) virus infection, each including, as an active ingredient, a complex including a curcuminoid-based compound and a licorice extract or a fraction thereof.

The invention provides compounds of formula (I), their pharmaceutically acceptable salts and prodrugs thereof for use in preventing, inhibiting or treating a disease caused by a mutation in the gene coding for hydroxymethylbilane synthase, in particular for preventing, inhibiting or treating acute intermittent porphyria: (I) wherein: A is selected from N and CR.sup.10 (wherein R.sup.10 is H, —NO.sub.2, C.sub.1-6 haloalkyl or —C(O)R.sup.17 in which R.sup.17 is H or C.sub.1-6 alkyl); Z is selected from N and CR.sup.9 (wherein R.sup.9 is H, halogen (e.g. F, Cl, Br or I) or —OR.sup.16 in which R.sup.16 is H, C.sub.1-6 haloalkyl, or optionally substituted C.sub.1-6 alkyl); L is selected from —CH.sub.2—, —C(O)—, —CH(OH)—, —C(O)—NR′—, and —NR′—C(O)— (wherein R′ is H or C.sub.1-3 alkyl, e.g. —CH.sub.3); R.sup.1 is H; R.sup.2 is selected from H, halogen (e.g. F, Cl, Br or I), —NR.sup.11R.sup.12 (wherein R.sup.11 and R.sup.12 are independently selected from H and C.sub.1-6 alkyl or, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form a 5- or 6-membered saturated ring), and —OR13 (wherein R.sup.13 is H or C.sub.1-6 alkyl); R.sup.3 is selected from H, —CH.sup.2OH and —C(O)R.sup.14 (wherein R.sup.14 is H or C.sub.1-6 alkyl); R.sup.4 is selected from H, halogen (e.g. F, Cl, Br or I) and —OR.sup.15 (where R.sup.15 is H or C.sub.1-6 alkyl); R.sup.5 is selected from H and C.sub.1-6 alkyl; R.sup.6 is selected from H, —NO.sub.2 and halogen (e.g. F, Cl, Br or I); R.sup.7 is H; and R.sup.8 is selected from H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, and halogen (e.g. F, Cl, Br or I); or wherein: R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 together with the intervening ring carbon atoms form an unsaturated ring, preferably an aryl ring.

##STR00001##

Provided herein are novel synthetic compounds having the structure of formula (1),

##STR00001##

wherein X is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic or heteroaromatic mono- or polycyclic ring system; and Y is substituted or unsubstituted C.sup.5-C.sup.10 alkyl or alkenyl group, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions. The compounds and pharmaceutical compositions are useful for inhibiting growth of a bacterium.

Provided herein are novel synthetic compounds having the structure of formula (1),

##STR00001##

wherein X is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic or heteroaromatic mono- or polycyclic ring system; and Y is substituted or unsubstituted C.sup.5-C.sup.10 alkyl or alkenyl group, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions. The compounds and pharmaceutical compositions are useful for inhibiting growth of a bacterium.