Compounds of formulae (I) and (II), compositions, and methods for use in inhibiting the E3 enzyme Cbl-b in the ubiquitin proteasome pathway are disclosed. The compounds, compositions, and methods can be used to modulate the immune system, to treat diseases amenable to immune system modulation, and for treatment of cells in vivo, in vitro, or ex vivo.

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Compounds of formulae (I) and (II), compositions, and methods for use in inhibiting the E3 enzyme Cbl-b in the ubiquitin proteasome pathway are disclosed. The compounds, compositions, and methods can be used to modulate the immune system, to treat diseases amenable to immune system modulation, and for treatment of cells in vivo, in vitro, or ex vivo.

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Provided are anti-cancer compounds which act as a non-PGP substrate, same being compounds of formula I-1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, a prodrug or a solvate thereof, and the medical use of these compounds in the treatment of cancers, tumors, conditions caused by cancers or tumors, or cell proliferative diseases. Also provided is a method for treating cancers, tumors, conditions caused by cancers or tumors, or cell proliferative diseases using the anti-cancer compounds which act as non-PGP substrates as described above.

Provided are anti-cancer compounds which act as a non-PGP substrate, same being compounds of formula I-1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, a prodrug or a solvate thereof, and the medical use of these compounds in the treatment of cancers, tumors, conditions caused by cancers or tumors, or cell proliferative diseases. Also provided is a method for treating cancers, tumors, conditions caused by cancers or tumors, or cell proliferative diseases using the anti-cancer compounds which act as non-PGP substrates as described above.

A composition for preventing and/or treating pancreatitis and a method of prevention and/or treatment of pancreatitis are disclosed. The composition include an aryl ethene compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof, as an active ingredient. Also disclosed is a use of the aryl ethene compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof, in manufacturing a medicament for preventing and/or treating pancreatitis or for treating one or more symptoms of pancreatitis in a patient. The method of prevention and/or treatment of pancreatitis includes administering the aryl ethene compound, an isomer, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof, in an effective amount to a subject in need thereof.

A composition for preventing and/or treating pancreatitis and a method of prevention and/or treatment of pancreatitis are disclosed. The composition include an aryl ethene compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof, as an active ingredient. Also disclosed is a use of the aryl ethene compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof, in manufacturing a medicament for preventing and/or treating pancreatitis or for treating one or more symptoms of pancreatitis in a patient. The method of prevention and/or treatment of pancreatitis includes administering the aryl ethene compound, an isomer, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof, in an effective amount to a subject in need thereof.

The present invention comprises novel aromatic molecules, which can be used in the treatment of pathological conditions, such as cancer, skin diseases, muscle disorders, and immune system-related disorders such as disorders of the haematopoietic system including the haematologic system in human and veterinary medicine.

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The present invention comprises novel aromatic molecules, which can be used in the treatment of pathological conditions, such as cancer, skin diseases, muscle disorders, and immune system-related disorders such as disorders of the haematopoietic system including the haematologic system in human and veterinary medicine.

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The present invention provides methods for retaining and expressing physiologically active substances in a target tissue-specific-manner, by administering the physiologically active substances to target submucous tissue. Specifically, the present inventors demonstrated that, when physiologically active substances were directly administered into submucous tissues without using a carrier, the physiologically active substances were effectively and safely retained at the administration sites over long periods without loss and diffusion, and produced the effect acting in a reservoir-like fashion. The physiologically active substances administered as described above were demonstrated to produce the therapeutic effect without having an influence on organs other than the administered organ.

The present invention provides methods for retaining and expressing physiologically active substances in a target tissue-specific-manner, by administering the physiologically active substances to target submucous tissue. Specifically, the present inventors demonstrated that, when physiologically active substances were directly administered into submucous tissues without using a carrier, the physiologically active substances were effectively and safely retained at the administration sites over long periods without loss and diffusion, and produced the effect acting in a reservoir-like fashion. The physiologically active substances administered as described above were demonstrated to produce the therapeutic effect without having an influence on organs other than the administered organ.