A method of inhibiting the conversion of choline to trimethylamine (TMA) and lowering TMAO by providing a composition comprising a compound set forth in Formula (I):

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A method of inhibiting the conversion of choline to trimethylamine (TMA) and lowering TMAO by providing a composition comprising a compound set forth in Formula (I):

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Embodiments of the invention provide methods of attenuating, e.g., inhibiting or reducing, cellular proliferation and migration, particularly endothelial cell proliferation and migration, including that associated with angiogenesis, as well as attenuating cancerous tumor growth and metastasis, using opioid antagonists, including, but not limited to, those that are peripherally restricted antagonists.

Embodiments of the invention provide methods of attenuating, e.g., inhibiting or reducing, cellular proliferation and migration, particularly endothelial cell proliferation and migration, including that associated with angiogenesis, as well as attenuating cancerous tumor growth and metastasis, using opioid antagonists, including, but not limited to, those that are peripherally restricted antagonists.

Anatabine powder compositions include a sugar or adhesion reducing compound and are suitable for inhalation and methods of forming the same. Sugar and an anatabine compound may be spray dried to form a dry anatabine powder composition. The anatabine powder may have a particle size of about 20 micrometres or less, 10 micrometres or less, or from about 1 to about 4 micrometres, measured as mass medium aerodynamic diameter. A powder may include a plurality of particles comprising an anatabine compound and a sugar or adhesion reducing compound and the plurality of particles have a particle size of about 20 micrometres to about 200 micrometres, measured as mass medium aerodynamic diameter.

Anatabine powder compositions include a sugar or adhesion reducing compound and are suitable for inhalation and methods of forming the same. Sugar and an anatabine compound may be spray dried to form a dry anatabine powder composition. The anatabine powder may have a particle size of about 20 micrometres or less, 10 micrometres or less, or from about 1 to about 4 micrometres, measured as mass medium aerodynamic diameter. A powder may include a plurality of particles comprising an anatabine compound and a sugar or adhesion reducing compound and the plurality of particles have a particle size of about 20 micrometres to about 200 micrometres, measured as mass medium aerodynamic diameter.

Compounds and methods for modulating the activity of receptors are disclosed. Some of the compounds modulate the activity of glycine receptors. Certain embodiments of the compounds are useful for treatment of pain, treatment of opioid addiction, and/or reduction of side effects attributable to opioid use.

Compounds and methods for modulating the activity of receptors are disclosed. Some of the compounds modulate the activity of glycine receptors. Certain embodiments of the compounds are useful for treatment of pain, treatment of opioid addiction, and/or reduction of side effects attributable to opioid use.

Compounds and methods for modulating the activity of receptors are disclosed. Some of the compounds modulate the activity of glycine receptors. Certain embodiments of the compounds are useful for treatment of pain, treatment of opioid addiction, and/or reduction of side effects attributable to opioid use.

Compounds and methods for modulating the activity of receptors are disclosed. Some of the compounds modulate the activity of glycine receptors. Certain embodiments of the compounds are useful for treatment of pain, treatment of opioid addiction, and/or reduction of side effects attributable to opioid use.