The invention relates to certain chromanol, quinone or hydroquinone compounds and derivatives thereof for treatment of Alzheimer's disease and/or for improving memory function and/or reducing plaque load. Specifically, the present invention relates to chromanol compounds chosen from (6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2yl)(piperazin-1-5 yl)methanone, ((S)-6-hy-droxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-N-((R)-piperidin-3-yl)chroman-2-carboxamide hydrochloride and S-(6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchro-man-2-yl)(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)methanone, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

The invention relates to certain chromanol, quinone or hydroquinone compounds and derivatives thereof for treatment of Alzheimer's disease and/or for improving memory function and/or reducing plaque load. Specifically, the present invention relates to chromanol compounds chosen from (6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2yl)(piperazin-1-5 yl)methanone, ((S)-6-hy-droxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-N-((R)-piperidin-3-yl)chroman-2-carboxamide hydrochloride and S-(6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchro-man-2-yl)(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)methanone, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

Methods for treating or reducing the likelihood of acquiring estrogen-related (e.g. estrogen-exacerbated) diseases including endometriosis include administering to a patient a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), in combination with inhibiting ovarian secretions, e.g., by administering an LHRH agonist or antagonist. In some embodiments, a precursor of sex steroids, said precursor being selected from the group consisting of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), androst-5-ene-3β,17β-diol (5 diol), and androstenedione or a compound transformed into one of these, is also administered.

Methods for treating or reducing the likelihood of acquiring estrogen-related (e.g. estrogen-exacerbated) diseases including endometriosis include administering to a patient a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), in combination with inhibiting ovarian secretions, e.g., by administering an LHRH agonist or antagonist. In some embodiments, a precursor of sex steroids, said precursor being selected from the group consisting of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), androst-5-ene-3β,17β-diol (5 diol), and androstenedione or a compound transformed into one of these, is also administered.

Methods for treating or reducing the likelihood of acquiring estrogen-related (e.g. estrogen-exacerbated) diseases including endometriosis include administering to a patient a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), in combination with inhibiting ovarian secretions, e.g., by administering an LHRH agonist or antagonist. In some embodiments, a precursor of sex steroids, said precursor being selected from the group consisting of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), androst-5-ene-3β,17β-diol (5 diol), and androstenedione or a compound transformed into one of these, is also administered.

There are disclosed, inter alia, methods of inhibiting an E1 enzyme, and compounds useful for inhibiting an E1 enzyme.

The present disclosure provides compositions comprising miR-3132 and one or more pharmaceutical agents that upregulate TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) or activate TRAIL signaling pathway, and methods for treating a cancer comprising administering miR-3132, or a composition comprising miR-3132 and one or more pharmaceutical agents that upregulate TRAIL or activate TRAIL signaling pathway, to a subject.

The present disclosure provides compositions comprising miR-3132 and one or more pharmaceutical agents that upregulate TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) or activate TRAIL signaling pathway, and methods for treating a cancer comprising administering miR-3132, or a composition comprising miR-3132 and one or more pharmaceutical agents that upregulate TRAIL or activate TRAIL signaling pathway, to a subject.

A medicinal agent for the prevention and/or treatment of diseases caused by EP.sub.4 receptor activation. A compound having antagonistic activity against the EP.sub.4 receptor is contained as an active ingredient in the medicinal agent. The compound represented by the following general formula (I) as defined in the specification, a salt, an N-oxide, or a solvate thereof, or a prodrug of these is useful as a medicinal component having antagonistic activity against the EP.sub.4 receptor for the prevention and/or treatment of diseases caused by EP.sub.4 receptor activation.

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The invention provides compounds effective as inhibitors of monocarboxylate transporters such as MCT1 and MCT4, which can be used for treatment of medical conditions wherein treatment of the condition with a compound having an inhibitor effect on MCT1, MCT4, or both is medically indicated. Compounds of the invention can have antitumor, antidiabetes, anti-inflammatory, or immunosuppressive pharmacological effects, and can be effective for treatment of cancer and of type II diabetes.