A vitamin D2-enriched biomass of an edible fungus, extracts and compositions thereof are provided, for use in delaying onset of, treating, ameliorating or protecting from an immune-related or inflammatory related disease, disorder or condition, wherein the level of vitamin D2 in said biomass is at least 80 IU/gr.

A vitamin D2-enriched biomass of an edible fungus, extracts and compositions thereof are provided, for use in delaying onset of, treating, ameliorating or protecting from an immune-related or inflammatory related disease, disorder or condition, wherein the level of vitamin D2 in said biomass is at least 80 IU/gr.

A vitamin D2-enriched biomass of an edible fungus, extracts and compositions thereof are provided, for use in delaying onset of, treating, ameliorating or protecting from an immune-related or inflammatory related disease, disorder or condition, wherein the level of vitamin D2 in said biomass is at least 80 IU/gr.

A method of attenuating, treating or preventing cognitive aging in an individual who does not have dementia includes administering to the individual a therapeutically effective amount of a composition containing an omega-3 fatty acid, a nitric oxide releasing compound, Vitamin B12 and choline. The composition is administered in a daily dose that provides 0.1 to 50 times the recommended daily requirement (RDA) of Vitamin B12 per day, more preferably 0.1 to 40 times the recommended daily requirement (RDA) of Vitamin B12 per day and 0.01 to 10.0 times the recommended daily requirement (RDA) of choline. Optionally Vitamin B6 and/or Vitamin B9 can be included in the composition. The method can achieve a benefit that is one or more of decreasing brain atrophy, increasing or maintaining number of synapses, increasing amyloid-β phagocytosis, or decreasing or maintaining neuroinflammation in the non-demented individual. The method can prevent dementia in an individual at risk thereof, for example an elderly human.

A method of attenuating, treating or preventing cognitive aging in an individual who does not have dementia includes administering to the individual a therapeutically effective amount of a composition containing an omega-3 fatty acid, a nitric oxide releasing compound, Vitamin B12 and choline. The composition is administered in a daily dose that provides 0.1 to 50 times the recommended daily requirement (RDA) of Vitamin B12 per day, more preferably 0.1 to 40 times the recommended daily requirement (RDA) of Vitamin B12 per day and 0.01 to 10.0 times the recommended daily requirement (RDA) of choline. Optionally Vitamin B6 and/or Vitamin B9 can be included in the composition. The method can achieve a benefit that is one or more of decreasing brain atrophy, increasing or maintaining number of synapses, increasing amyloid-β phagocytosis, or decreasing or maintaining neuroinflammation in the non-demented individual. The method can prevent dementia in an individual at risk thereof, for example an elderly human.

A method of attenuating, treating or preventing cognitive aging in an individual who does not have dementia includes administering to the individual a therapeutically effective amount of a composition containing an omega-3 fatty acid, a nitric oxide releasing compound, Vitamin B12 and choline. The composition is administered in a daily dose that provides 0.1 to 50 times the recommended daily requirement (RDA) of Vitamin B12 per day, more preferably 0.1 to 40 times the recommended daily requirement (RDA) of Vitamin B12 per day and 0.01 to 10.0 times the recommended daily requirement (RDA) of choline. Optionally Vitamin B6 and/or Vitamin B9 can be included in the composition. The method can achieve a benefit that is one or more of decreasing brain atrophy, increasing or maintaining number of synapses, increasing amyloid-β phagocytosis, or decreasing or maintaining neuroinflammation in the non-demented individual. The method can prevent dementia in an individual at risk thereof, for example an elderly human.

Disclosed herein are prenatal dosage forms formulated for different stages of the pregnancy cycle. Also disclosed are methods of administering prenatal dosage forms to a prenatal, pregnant or lactating woman. Further disclosed are kits including prenatal dosage forms.

Disclosed herein are prenatal dosage forms formulated for different stages of the pregnancy cycle. Also disclosed are methods of administering prenatal dosage forms to a prenatal, pregnant or lactating woman. Further disclosed are kits including prenatal dosage forms.

Disclosed herein are prenatal dosage forms formulated for different stages of the pregnancy cycle. Also disclosed are methods of administering prenatal dosage forms to a prenatal, pregnant or lactating woman. Further disclosed are kits including prenatal dosage forms.

A method for identifying pre-disposition to cognitive decline in a subject, the method comprising determining levels of: (a) omega-3 fatty acids, and vitamin D or a metabolite thereof; (b) omega-3 fatty acids, and homocysteine; (c) vitamin D or a metabolite thereof, and homocysteine; or (d) omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin D or a metabolite thereof, and homocysteine, independently in one or more samples obtained from the subject.