Example embodiments of the present invention include various compositions that include a pH modifier composition and/or a buffering capacity modifier composition. In some examples, the pH modifier compositions include a dose of pH modifier to raise the pH in a patient's mouth from about 1 to about 2 pH levels. The compositions are then incorporated into various confections for oral ingestion or application that allow a patient to easily use the composition with the pH and/or buffering capacity modifiers. For example, compositions with the pH and/or buffering capacity modifiers can be incorporated within chewing gum, tablets, lozenges, breath strips, hard candy, oral sprays, and other confections. Another embodiment of the invention includes a testing device to test the pH and buffering capacity within a patient's mouth.

Example embodiments of the present invention include various compositions that include a pH modifier composition and/or a buffering capacity modifier composition. In some examples, the pH modifier compositions include a dose of pH modifier to raise the pH in a patient's mouth from about 1 to about 2 pH levels. The compositions are then incorporated into various confections for oral ingestion or application that allow a patient to easily use the composition with the pH and/or buffering capacity modifiers. For example, compositions with the pH and/or buffering capacity modifiers can be incorporated within chewing gum, tablets, lozenges, breath strips, hard candy, oral sprays, and other confections. Another embodiment of the invention includes a testing device to test the pH and buffering capacity within a patient's mouth.

Example embodiments of the present invention include various compositions that include a pH modifier composition and/or a buffering capacity modifier composition. In some examples, the pH modifier compositions include a dose of pH modifier to raise the pH in a patient's mouth from about 1 to about 2 pH levels. The compositions are then incorporated into various confections for oral ingestion or application that allow a patient to easily use the composition with the pH and/or buffering capacity modifiers. For example, compositions with the pH and/or buffering capacity modifiers can be incorporated within chewing gum, tablets, lozenges, breath strips, hard candy, oral sprays, and other confections. Another embodiment of the invention includes a testing device to test the pH and buffering capacity within a patient's mouth.

Compositions, methods, and systems are provided for pulmonary delivery of active agents via a metered dose inhaler. In some embodiments, the compositions comprise an HFO-1234ze(E) suspension medium, active agent particles, and suspending particles. The active agent particles may comprise one, two, three or four active agent(s) selected from a long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA), a long-acting β2-agonists (LABA), a short-acting beta-agonists (SABA), an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS), and a non-corticosteroid anti-inflammatory agent.

Compositions, methods, and systems are provided for pulmonary delivery of active agents via a metered dose inhaler. In some embodiments, the compositions comprise an HFO-1234ze(E) suspension medium, active agent particles, and suspending particles. The active agent particles may comprise one, two, three or four active agent(s) selected from a long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA), a long-acting β2-agonists (LABA), a short-acting beta-agonists (SABA), an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS), and a non-corticosteroid anti-inflammatory agent.

A gas mixing system for providing mixed gas for intraocular injection. In some embodiments, a first fixed-volume chamber is automatically purged and filled with gas from a first gas supply input, to a first predetermined pressure. A second fixed-volume chamber is purged and filled with gas from a second gas supply input, to a second predetermined pressure. The first and second predetermined pressures are determined based on a desired concentration of gases in the final mix, and the respective volumes of the first and second fixed-volume chambers and of a third fixed-volume chamber. Gas from the first fixed-volume chamber is then allowed to mix with gas in the third fixed-volume chamber, which was previously purged. Next, gas from the second fixed-volume chamber is allowed to mix with gas in the third fixed-volume chamber. Finally, the mixture of gases in the third fixed-volume chamber is expressed into an intraocular syringe.

A gas mixing system for providing mixed gas for intraocular injection. In some embodiments, a first fixed-volume chamber is automatically purged and filled with gas from a first gas supply input, to a first predetermined pressure. A second fixed-volume chamber is purged and filled with gas from a second gas supply input, to a second predetermined pressure. The first and second predetermined pressures are determined based on a desired concentration of gases in the final mix, and the respective volumes of the first and second fixed-volume chambers and of a third fixed-volume chamber. Gas from the first fixed-volume chamber is then allowed to mix with gas in the third fixed-volume chamber, which was previously purged. Next, gas from the second fixed-volume chamber is allowed to mix with gas in the third fixed-volume chamber. Finally, the mixture of gases in the third fixed-volume chamber is expressed into an intraocular syringe.

The invention includes a toothpaste or other orally applied product to be used at least once daily to help prevent or inhibit the acquisition of a number of infections by oral or pharyngeal tissues, particularly including the “common” cold. These compositions possess a combination of ingredients that is not found in other toothpastes or other orally applied products, and these ingredients work together to synergistically interfere with the acquisition of a number of pathogens. The toothpastes will have the usual dentifrice ingredients known to prevent tooth decay, as well as those that reduce halitosis (i.e., bad breath), and prevent gingivitis. In addition, the toothpastes will include one or more of: 1) GALALCOOL® as an individual compound, and not as an extract component; 2) zinc protoporphyrin IX; and 3) one or more other colorless or low-color tannin(s) each as an individual compound, and not as an extract component.

The invention includes a toothpaste or other orally applied product to be used at least once daily to help prevent or inhibit the acquisition of a number of infections by oral or pharyngeal tissues, particularly including the “common” cold. These compositions possess a combination of ingredients that is not found in other toothpastes or other orally applied products, and these ingredients work together to synergistically interfere with the acquisition of a number of pathogens. The toothpastes will have the usual dentifrice ingredients known to prevent tooth decay, as well as those that reduce halitosis (i.e., bad breath), and prevent gingivitis. In addition, the toothpastes will include one or more of: 1) GALALCOOL® as an individual compound, and not as an extract component; 2) zinc protoporphyrin IX; and 3) one or more other colorless or low-color tannin(s) each as an individual compound, and not as an extract component.

The invention includes a toothpaste or other orally applied product to be used at least once daily to help prevent or inhibit the acquisition of a number of infections by oral or pharyngeal tissues, particularly including the “common” cold. These compositions possess a combination of ingredients that is not found in other toothpastes or other orally applied products, and these ingredients work together to synergistically interfere with the acquisition of a number of pathogens. The toothpastes will have the usual dentifrice ingredients known to prevent tooth decay, as well as those that reduce halitosis (i.e., bad breath), and prevent gingivitis. In addition, the toothpastes will include one or more of: 1) GALALCOOL® as an individual compound, and not as an extract component; 2) zinc protoporphyrin IX; and 3) one or more other colorless or low-color tannin(s) each as an individual compound, and not as an extract component.