Methods of reducing hepatitis delta virus (HDV) viral loads in a patient are provided. In some embodiments, the method comprises treating the patient with lonafarnib-ritonavir co-therapy. In some embodiments, the method further comprises treating the patient with an interferon.

The disclosure features fusion proteins that are conditionally active variants of a cytokine of interest. In one aspect, the full-length polypeptides of the invention have reduced or minimal cytokine-receptor activating activity even though they contain a functional cytokine polypeptide. Upon activation, e.g., by cleavage of a linker that joins a blocking moiety, e.g. a steric blocking polypeptide, in sequence to the active cytokine, the cytokine can bind its receptor and effect signaling. Typically, the fusion proteins further comprise an in vivo half-life extension element, which may be cleaved from the cytokine in the tumor microenvironment.

The present invention relates to a composition, comprising: IL-1β and vitamin B6; or IL-1β, vitamin B6, and IFN-α, for promoting immunomodulatory activity and inflammation-modulating ability of stem cells, and a method for preparing stem cells having improved immunomodulatory activity and inflammation-modulating ability by using same. When treated with IL-1β and vitamin B6; or IL-1β, vitamin B6, and IFN-α according to the present invention, stem cells are induced to increase IFN-γ inhibition, inducible costimulatory ligand (ICOSL) expression, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) expression, and Galectin 1 expression, and thus can find various applications in a variety of immune disease treatment fields using stem cells.

The present invention relates to a composition, comprising: IL-1β and vitamin B6; or IL-1β, vitamin B6, and IFN-α, for promoting immunomodulatory activity and inflammation-modulating ability of stem cells, and a method for preparing stem cells having improved immunomodulatory activity and inflammation-modulating ability by using same. When treated with IL-1β and vitamin B6; or IL-1β, vitamin B6, and IFN-α according to the present invention, stem cells are induced to increase IFN-γ inhibition, inducible costimulatory ligand (ICOSL) expression, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) expression, and Galectin 1 expression, and thus can find various applications in a variety of immune disease treatment fields using stem cells.

Provided herein are compounds of Formula (I), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, pharmaceutical compositions that include a compound described herein (including pharmaceutically acceptable salts of a compound described herein) and methods of synthesizing the same. Also provided herein are methods of treating diseases and/or conditions with a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

The invention is directed at a medicament comprising a combination of dehydrated or cryopreserved amniotic membrane isolated from human or other mammalian placenta, wherein the amniotic membrane is in a form of a sheet or a sheet composite comprising multiple overlain sheets of amniotic membrane; and umbilical cord blood serum, isolated from umbilical cord blood of a human or other mammal, separately of each other, for combined use in a method of treating a tissue wound in a human or other mammalian subject by applying the amniotic membrane to injured tissue of the wound to contact injured tissue of the wound and contacting the amniotic membrane with the umbilical cord blood serum.

This invention relates to the field of therapeutics. Most specifically, the invention provides methods of generating conditionally expressing vectors for one or more immuunomodulators under the control of a gene expression modulation system in the presence of activating ligand and uses for therapeutic purposes in animals. These vector may be provided to treat a variety of disorders, e.g., neoplastic disorders, through direct injection or through in vitro engineered cells, such as dendritic cells.

The invention relates to compositions including polynucleotides encoding polypeptides which have been chemically modified by replacing the uridines with 1-methyl-pseudouridine to improve one or more of the stability and/or clearance in tissues, receptor uptake and/or kinetics, cellular access by the compositions, engagement with translational machinery, mRNA half-life, translation efficiency, immune evasion, protein production capacity, secretion efficiency, accessibility to circulation, protein half-life and/or modulation of a cell's status, function, and/or activity.

The present invention relates to novel interferon-associated antigen binding proteins as well as nucleic acids and expression vectors encoding such interferon-associated antigen binding proteins for use in therapy, more particularly for use in treating hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The present invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising such interferon-associated antigen binding proteins or nucleic acids or expression vectors for use in therapy, more particularly for use in treating hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The present invention further provides methods of treatment using such interferon-associated antigen binding proteins or nucleic acids or expression vectors or pharmaceutical compositions. Said novel interferon-associated antigen binding proteins afford beneficial improvements over the current state of the art, for example in that they effectively disrupt viral replication and thereby reduce HBV viral load.

The present disclosure includes compositions and methods for treating cancer, such as bladder cancer.