The present invention relates to a cholesterol-synthesis intermediate as pharmaceutically active agent and/or pharmaceutical composition comprising the cholesterol-synthesis intermediate optionally together with one or two further pharmaceutically active agent(s) for use in the prophylaxis and/or treatment of demyelinating disorders/diseases, in particular multiple sclerosis.

The present invention relates to a cholesterol-synthesis intermediate as pharmaceutically active agent and/or pharmaceutical composition comprising the cholesterol-synthesis intermediate optionally together with one or two further pharmaceutically active agent(s) for use in the prophylaxis and/or treatment of demyelinating disorders/diseases, in particular multiple sclerosis.

The disclosure features fusion proteins that are conditionally active variants of a cytokine of interest. In one aspect, the full-length polypeptides of the invention have reduced or minimal cytokine-receptor activating activity even though they contain a functional cytokine polypeptide. Upon activation, e.g., by cleavage of a linker that joins a blocking moiety, e.g. a steric blocking polypeptide, in sequence to the active cytokine, the cytokine can bind its receptor and effect signaling. Typically, the fusion proteins further comprise an in vivo half-life extension element, which may be cleaved from the cytokine in the tumor microenvironment.

Methods of treating or ameliorating multiple sclerosis by the dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) inhibitor vidofludimus or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and/or a solvate, in particular a hydrate, thereof or a solvate, in particular a hydrate, of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, by administering to a human patient a therapeutically effective amount of the DHODH inhibitor, more specifically a daily dose of about 10 mg to about 45 mg.

A method of promoting the generation of oligodendrocytes from oligodendrocyte precursor cells by enhancing their survival and/or maturation includes administering to the cell an effective amount of an agent that enhances and/or induces accumulation of Δ8,9-unsaturated sterol intermediates of the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway in the oligodendrocyte precursor cells.

Specific oral dosings, specific oral dosage forms, and/or specific oral dose regimens including Cladribine can be effective for the treatment of progressive forms of Multiple Sclerosis, especially Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis and/or Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis. Methods of treatment can be based on specific oral dosings, specific oral dosage forms, and/or specific oral dose regimens including Cladribine.

The present invention relates to novel interferon-associated antigen binding proteins as well as nucleic acids and expression vectors encoding such interferon-associated antigen binding proteins for use in therapy, more particularly for use in treating hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The present invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising such interferon-associated antigen binding proteins or nucleic acids or expression vectors for use in therapy, more particularly for use in treating hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The present invention further provides methods of treatment using such interferon-associated antigen binding proteins or nucleic acids or expression vectors or pharmaceutical compositions. Said novel interferon-associated antigen binding proteins afford beneficial improvements over the current state of the art, for example in that they effectively disrupt viral replication and thereby reduce HBV viral load.

Provided herein are methods and compositions for treating inflammatory diseases by administering to the subject an effective dose of an anti-α.sub.5 agent.

Provided herein are methods and compositions for treating inflammatory diseases by administering to the subject an effective dose of an anti-α.sub.5 agent.

The present disclosure provides compositions and methods related to antiviral therapeutics. In particular, the present disclosure provides novel compositions and methods for treating and/or preventing viral infections using vesicles derived from lung spheroid cells (LSCs). LSC-derived vesicles can be used as viral decoy nanoparticles for therapeutic applications, as virus-like particles (VLPs) for vaccine production, and as an antiviral drug delivery platform.