This disclosure provides methods of using compositions comprising amino acid entities to reduce fat infiltration in muscle, particularly under conditions of muscle dysfunction. The disclosure also provides methods for enhancing muscle function by reducing fat infiltration in the muscle comprising administering an effective amount of the compositions to a subject in need thereof.

This disclosure provides methods of using compositions comprising amino acid entities to reduce fat infiltration in muscle, particularly under conditions of muscle dysfunction. The disclosure also provides methods for enhancing muscle function by reducing fat infiltration in the muscle comprising administering an effective amount of the compositions to a subject in need thereof.

A method for medical imaging using a diffusivity contrast agent is provided. The method includes obtaining the diffusivity contrast agent having specific diffusivity, wherein the diffusivity contrast agent is configured to pass a biological barrier of a subject; administering to the subject a detectable dose of the diffusivity contrast agent for at least one medical imaging modality, where the medical imaging modality includes one or more of MRI, PET, SPECT, CT, x-ray, optical imaging and ultrasound; acquiring one or more post-contrast images for a region of interest after the administration of the diffusivity contrast agent, wherein said post-contrast images include changes in diffusivity of the region of interest compared to one or more images acquired without said diffusivity contrast agent; and characterizing a transport of the diffusivity contrast agent in the region of interest based on the changes in diffusivity of the region of interest.

A method for medical imaging using a diffusivity contrast agent is provided. The method includes obtaining the diffusivity contrast agent having specific diffusivity, wherein the diffusivity contrast agent is configured to pass a biological barrier of a subject; administering to the subject a detectable dose of the diffusivity contrast agent for at least one medical imaging modality, where the medical imaging modality includes one or more of MRI, PET, SPECT, CT, x-ray, optical imaging and ultrasound; acquiring one or more post-contrast images for a region of interest after the administration of the diffusivity contrast agent, wherein said post-contrast images include changes in diffusivity of the region of interest compared to one or more images acquired without said diffusivity contrast agent; and characterizing a transport of the diffusivity contrast agent in the region of interest based on the changes in diffusivity of the region of interest.

Provided herein are adipose mimic compositions for use in MRI. The compositions of the invention mimic the MRI properties of human adipose tissue, including T1 relaxation kinetics, T2 relaxation kinetics, magnetic susceptibility, and chemical shift artifact. The compositions of the invention are readily manufactured from inexpensive materials. The compositions of the invention may be used in MRI system calibration or for implementing image correction techniques such as fat suppression.

The invention is directed to methods for diagnosing reperfusion/non-reperfusion hemorrhage and predicting cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death in subjects comprising using imaging techniques to detect regional iron oxide deposition. The invention also provides treatment methods for subject at increased risk of sudden cardiac death.

Systems, methods and related devices used to produce and collect polarized noble gas to inhibit, suppress, detect or filter alkali metal nanoclusters to preserve or increase a polarization level thereof. The systems can include a pre-sat chamber that has an Area Ratio between 20 and 500.

Systems, methods and related devices used to produce and collect polarized noble gas to inhibit, suppress, detect or filter alkali metal nanoclusters to preserve or increase a polarization level thereof. The systems can include a pre-sat chamber that has an Area Ratio between 20 and 500.

The invention provides various methods of identifying myocardial infarction (MI) patients who have microvascular obstruction (MO), persistent microvascular obstruction (PMO), reperfusion hemorrhage, iron deposition, chronic iron deposition, and/or fat infiltration/accumulation. The invention provides various methods of identifying myocardial infarction (MI) patients who are at risk of prolonged inflammation burden in heart, adverse cardiac remodeling, electrical abnormality, mechanical abnormality, malignant cardiac arrhythmia, ischemic heart failure, and/or sudden cardiac death. The invention also provides various methods of treating these MI patients with chelation drugs, anti-inflammatory drugs, fat-lowering drugs, cooling therapies, or device therapies, or their combinations.

An apparatus includes a plurality of particles, wherein each particle contains a plurality of magnetizable (for example, ferromagnetic) and ferroelectric materials in fixed physical relationship (for example, physical contact) with one another. A method and apparatus measure magnetic fields arising from or within the plurality of particles.