Compositions and methods for mitigating SVD mechanisms in BHV, including non-calcific SVD mechanisms, are provided.

High strength biomedical materials and processes for making the same are disclosed. Included in the disclosure are nanoporous hydrophilic solids that can be extruded with a high aspect ratio to make high strength medical catheters and other devices with lubricious and biocompatible surfaces. Polymers may be entrapped in pores of materials to provide a durable modification of the materials.

A method of providing an anti-microbial coating on an object, comprises the steps of pretreating the object in a first oxygen plasma to graft oxygen-based functional groups on the surface of the object by plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition, coating the pretreated object with a suspension of particulate graphene oxide to provide a graphene oxide coating on the object, treating the object in a hydrocarbon plasma to deposit an amorphous hydrocarbon film on the graphene oxide coating by plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition, and treating the object in a second oxygen plasma configured to etch and flatten the coatings on the surface of the object. A prosthetic implant having a metal or metal alloy surface and an anti-microbial coating on all or part of the surface is also described.

Adult autologous stem cells cultured on a porous, three-dimensional tissue scaffold-implant for bone regeneration by the use of a hyaluronan and/or dexamethasone to accelerate bone healing alone or in combination with recombinant growth factors or transfected osteogenic genes. The scaffold-implant may be machined into a custom-shaped three-dimensional cell culture system for support of cell growth, reservoir for peptides, recombinant growth factors, cytokines and antineoplastic drugs in the presence of a hyaluronan and/or dexamethasone alone or in combination with growth factors or transfected osteogenic genes, to be assembled ex vivo in a tissue incubator for implantation into bone tissue.

Nanostructured surfaces on selected substrates are described which are highly resistant to cell adhesion. Such surfaces on medical implants inhibit fibroblast adhesion particularly on nanorough titanium deposited on smooth silicone surfaces. The nanostructured deposited metal coatings can also be engineered so that several cell types, including endothelial, osteoblast, and fibroblast cells, show little if any tendency to attach to the coated surface in vivo.

Subject matter of the invention are prosthetic mouldings, which have, at least area by area, at least one layer of biomimetic apatite selected from fluorapatite, hydroxylapatite or their mixtures on their surface, wherein the surface of the mouldings has micromechanical anchoring positions at least in this area to improve mechanical connection of apatite to the surface. Another subject matter of the invention are mouldings for use in dental, prosthetic treatment for tooth loss, in particular for cellular attachment of cells to prosthetic mouldings. Moreover, subject matter of the invention is the method for the production of the prosthetic mouldings.

A porous implant for repairing lost bone stock such as around a prosthetic joint is provided. The porous implant has a composite structure with a solid structure and a porous structure which may be formed monolithically by direct metal laser sintering. The solid structure includes a support structure which extends into the porous structure.

A sheet structure comprising two joined extracellular matrix (ECM) tissue or sheet layers and a physiological sensor disposed therebetween; the ECM tissue being derived from a mammalian tissue source that includes small intestine submucosa (SIS), urinary bladder submucosa (UBS), stomach submucosa (SS), urinary basement membrane (UBM), liver basement membrane (LBM), amniotic membrane, mesothelial tissue, placental tissue and cardiac tissue.

An antibacterial medical biomaterial includes an acellular small intestinal submucosal matrix material, an antibacterial gel layer located on a surface of the acellular small intestinal submucosal matrix material, and an absorbable fiber layer located on a surface of the antibacterial gel layer. Sulfadiazine silver is on the surface of the acellular small intestinal submucosal matrix material and/or within the acellular small intestinal submucosal matrix material. An absorbable fiber layer to which the sulfadiazine silver is attached, wherein the content of sulfadiazine silver in the absorbable fiber is 1 wt. %˜2 wt. %. The medical biomaterial is usable as an external medicine for treating wound infections relayed by burns or wounds, and for reducing the incidence of infection by using a conventional central venous catheter with a sulfadiazine silver antibacterial coating, so that the medical biomaterial loaded with sulfadiazine silver also has antibacterial activity consistent with sulfadiazine silver.

An object is to provide a zwitterionic compound having an excellent protein adsorption inhibitory effect. The zwitterionic compound is a polymer comprising a unit represented by the following formula (1):

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R.sup.2 is OH or O.sup.−, X.sup.1 is —O— or —N(Q.sup.1)-, Q.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1-6 alkyl group, m is an integer of 1 to 12, and n is an integer of 1 to 4.