A medical fluid treatment system includes a source of purified water; at least one concentrate for mixing with the water from the source to form a treatment fluid; a disposable set including a pumping portion, a concentrate line in fluid communication with the concentrate source and the pumping portion, and a patient line in fluid communication with the pumping portion, the patient line including a filter having a membrane configured to filter the treatment fluid, the filter configured such that (i) fresh treatment fluid flowing from the pumping portion towards a patient flows through the membrane and (ii) used treatment fluid flowing through the filter from the patient to the pumping portion bypasses the membrane; and a medical fluid delivery machine including a pump actuator operable with the pumping portion of the disposable set.

A method of sanitizing liquid for use in a medical device, the method comprising the steps of providing a medical device defining a water circuit with a volume of liquid, sensing the temperature of the volume of liquid with a sensor, heating the volume of liquid from an initial temperature to exceed a threshold temperature, maintaining the volume of liquid above the threshold temperature, determining a time-temperature value for the volume of liquid periodically once the threshold temperature has been exceeded, calculating a cumulative time-temperature value and providing an output signal once the cumulative time-temperature value has reached a level indicative of a sanitizing dose. A medical device and a liquid sanitizer are also disclosed.

In one aspect, a valve actuation system includes a drive unit including an actuator configured to engage and move multiple valves disposed within a fluid cassette to selectively open and close each valve of the multiple valves and a positioning frame disposed adjacent the fluid cassette and along which the drive unit can be moved in three dimensions to align the actuator with a selected valve of the multiple valves.

In one aspect, a valve actuation system includes a drive unit including an actuator configured to engage and move multiple valves disposed within a fluid cassette to selectively open and close each valve of the multiple valves and a positioning frame disposed adjacent the fluid cassette and along which the drive unit can be moved in three dimensions to align the actuator with a selected valve of the multiple valves.

A hemodialysis machine comprising a fluid pathway for delivering a dialysate solution, wherein the fluid pathway comprises a pre-dialysis pathway and a post-dialysis pathway, a dialyser for dialysing patient's blood using the dialysate solution, the dialyser connected between the pre-dialysis pathway and the post-dialysis pathway, a first sensor system configured to sense a characteristic of the dialysate solution at a first location on the pre-dialysis pathway, a second sensor system configured to sense a characteristic of the dialysate solution at a second location on the post-dialysis pathway, and a control system configured to make a comparative analysis of the measurements taken by the first sensor and the second sensor for monitoring the composition of the dialysate solution.

A peritoneal dialysis system for detecting peritonitis is disclosed herein. In one example, an impedance measurement system includes an impedance monitor configured to sense an impedance of peritoneal dialysis (“PD”) fluid residing within a fluid line. The impedance monitor includes a first conductive lead disposed within a first port along the fluid line and a second conductive lead disposed within a second port along the fluid line. The impedance measurement system also includes a control unit electrically coupled to the impedance monitor. The control unit uses the sensed impedance from the impedance monitor to detect white blood cells to form a patient peritonitis determination. The control unit may communicate the peritonitis determination to alert a clinician.

A fluid purification unit is disclosed. In an example, a fluid purification unit includes a heater configured to boil a fluid. The heater includes first and second electrodes positioned and arranged to contact the fluid. The first and second electrodes are configured to receive electrical power, heat resistively due to the electrical power, and transfer the heat to the fluid to boil the fluid to form water vapor. The fluid purification unit also includes a condenser including (i) a thermally conductive flowpath configured to conductively cool the water vapor, and (ii) a cooling source configured to direct a cooling medium past the thermally conductive flowpath to convectively cool the water vapor. The conductive and convective cooling combines to condense the water vapor into purified water.

This disclosure relates to medical fluid cassettes and related systems and methods. In certain aspects, a medical fluid cassette includes a base having a first region and a second region, a first membrane overlying the first region of the base, and a second membrane overlying the second region of the base. The second membrane is configured to rebound away from the base when a force used to press the second membrane toward the base is released.

A fluid processing system includes a disposable fluid circuit and reusable hardware configured to accept the disposable fluid circuit. The disposable fluid circuit includes a spinning membrane separator, first and second syringes, and a flow control cassette. The reusable hardware includes a spinning membrane separator drive coupled to the spinning membrane separator, first and second syringe pumps coupled to the first and second syringes respectively, a control cassette interface coupled to the flow control cassette, and at least one controller coupled to the spinning membrane separator drive, the first and second syringe pumps, and the control cassette interface. The controller is configured to selectively operate the drive, the first and second syringe pumps, and the interface to provide a procedure according to a protocol.

A fluid-handling cassette comprising a plurality of diaphragm valves and pumps is configured to have its actuation ports located along a thin or narrow edge of the cassette. Actuation channels within the cassette lead from the actuation ports to actuation chambers of the valves and pumps in a space between plates that comprise the cassette. The individual plates have a nominal thickness that is sufficient to provide a rigid ceiling for the actuation channels, but sufficiently thin to minimize the overall thickness of the cassette. The cassette can be plugged into or unplugged from an actuation receptacle or a manifold by its narrow edge. A plurality of such cassettes can be stacked together or spaced apart from each other to form a cassette assembly, providing for a convenient way to install and remove the cassette assembly from its actuation receptacle. The arrangement allows for an improved way of connecting a complex cassette assembly to its associated pressure distribution manifold without the use of a plurality of flexible connecting tubes between the two.