Methods, systems, and kits are provided for performing hemodialysis, hemodiafiltration, and peritoneal dialysis on a portable machine suitable for both clinical and home use. Peritoneal dialysate can be flowed into and out of the peritoneal cavity, and can also be regenerated within the system, without the need for introducing fresh dialysate. Common hardware and software can be utilized for both peritoneal dialysis and other forms of dialysis such as hemodialysis, hemofiltration, and hemodiafiltration, allowing for facile transition between different dialysis modes using the same dialysis machine.

A medical treatment system, such as a peritoneal dialysis system, may include a control system and other features to enhance patient comfort and ease of use. For example, the peritoneal dialysis system may include the control system that can adjust a volume of fluid infused into a peritoneal cavity to prevent an intraperitoneal fluid volume from exceeding a pre-determined amount. The control system can adjust by adding one or more therapy cycles, allowing for fill volumes during each cycle of the one or more therapy cycles to be reduced. The control system may continue to allow the fluid to drain from the peritoneal cavity as completely as possible before starting the next therapy cycle of the one or more therapy cycles. The control system may also adjust a dwell time of the fluid within the peritoneal cavity during the one or more therapy cycles in order to complete a therapy within a scheduled time period. A cycler may also be configured to have a heater control system that monitors both a temperature of a heating tray and a temperature of a bag of dialysis fluid in order to bring a temperature of the dialysis fluid rapidly to a specified temperature, with minimal temperature overshoot.

A method of performing a dialysis treatment includes using a pump and a dialysate supply line to transport peritoneal dialysis fluid, the supply line having a proximal end into which peritoneal dialysis fluid is supplied and from which spend dialysate is withdrawn, and a distal end which is connected to a patient's peritoneal access. The method further includes generating proximal and distal pressure signals using pressure detectors located at both the proximal and distal ends, respectively, of said supply line. During a drain cycle in which spent dialysate is pumped from the patient, the method includes, responsively to the proximal and distal pressure signals, detecting a characteristic of a pressure difference between the distal and proximal ends whose magnitude is determined by a predicted change in dialysate properties, and responsively to the characteristic, generating a signal indicating the change in dialysate properties.

Peritoneal dialysis, such as automated peritoneal dialysis (“APD”) is provided with any one or more or all of the following sensing or feedback features: impedance sensing to detect peritonitis, temperature sensing to detect peritonitis, bio-MEMS sensing to detect peritonitis, and glucose control for diabetes patients, wherein each sensing or feedback feature analyzes patient effluent fluid or fluid dwelling within a patient's peritoneal cavity.

A medical fluid treatment system includes a source of purified water; at least one concentrate for mixing with the water from the source to form a treatment fluid; a disposable set including a pumping portion, a concentrate line in fluid communication with the concentrate source and the pumping portion, and a patient line in fluid communication with the pumping portion, the patient line including a filter having a membrane configured to filter the treatment fluid, the filter configured such that (i) fresh treatment fluid flowing from the pumping portion towards a patient flows through the membrane and (ii) used treatment fluid flowing through the filter from the patient to the pumping portion bypasses the membrane; and a medical fluid delivery machine including a pump actuator operable with the pumping portion of the disposable set.

An apparatus for ultrafiltration of a patient being overhydrated due to congestive heart failure, comprising a tube set including a connector (21) for connection to a patient line (3) for access to the peritoneal cavity of the patient. A flow pump (41-43) is arranged for addition and removal outflow and inflow (recirculation) of fluid from/to the peritoneal cavity. An osmotic agent peristaltic pump (16) is arranged for replenishment of glucose solution to the fluid added to the peritoneal cavity for promoting ultrafiltration. The glucose is replenished intermittently for keeping a concentration of glucose substantially constant in the peritoneal cavity. The flow pump comprises a pressure chamber (43) with rigid walls and a flexible pump bag (41) arranged therein. An air pump (45) pressurizes the chamber for outflow of fluid from the peritoneal cavity by a sub pressure and inflow of fluid to the peritoneal cavity by an overpressure, which pressures are maintained within safe limits.

A cartridge to be used for adsorption dialysis. A container having flexible walls are arranged to provide an inner space enclosing adsorption powder, comprising activated carbon, a phosphate adsorbent and a potassium ion adsorbent and other adsorbents. A sufficient amount of activated carbon is provided for adsorption of urea by the activated carbon. The cartridge forms a vacuum-packed transportation cartridge by generating a sub-pressure in the inner space, whereby the powder particles are immobilized and the cartridge becomes stiff. Before use, the cartridge is primed by introducing a liquid into the inner space, which introduction takes place at a low pressure. During use, dialysis solution is circulated through the cartridge, which is still exposed to a sub-pressure, whereby the flexible walls are sucked against the powder material. A peritoneal dialysis circuit comprises a filter, in which a primary circuit is formed with the filter and the peritoneal cavity and a secondary circuit is formed with the filter and the adsorbent cartridge.

A dialysis machine operable with a disposable set having at least one container, the dialysis machine including a pump actuator operable to pump dialysis fluid to and/or from the at least one container; a weigh plate positioned to support the at least one container; a plurality of operational load cells positioned to support the weigh plate; a linear actuator positioned to apply a force to the weigh plate; a calibration load cell positioned to measure the force applied by the linear actuator; and a control unit in operable communication with the operational load cells, the linear actuator and the calibration load cell, the control unit configured to cause the linear actuator to apply the force to the weigh plate, compare resulting outputs from the operational load cells and the calibration load cell, and determine a calibration factor from the comparison for offsetting future outputs from the operational load cells.

A peritoneal dialysis system for detecting peritonitis is disclosed herein. In one example, an impedance measurement system includes an impedance monitor configured to sense an impedance of peritoneal dialysis (“PD”) fluid residing within a fluid line. The impedance monitor includes a first conductive lead disposed within a first port along the fluid line and a second conductive lead disposed within a second port along the fluid line. The impedance measurement system also includes a control unit electrically coupled to the impedance monitor. The control unit uses the sensed impedance from the impedance monitor to detect white blood cells to form a patient peritonitis determination. The control unit may communicate the peritonitis determination to alert a clinician.

An inductive inline dialysis fluid heater is disclosed. In an example, a dialysis fluid heater includes a cylindrical tube including an inner diameter that is between 4.00 millimeters (“mm”) and 12.7 mm. The dialysis fluid heater also includes a susceptor located within the cylindrical tube and an inductive coil extending around the cylindrical tube in a non-contacting arrangement. The dialysis fluid heater further includes power electronics in electrical communication with the inductive coil and configured to supply an electrical current to the inductive coil, causing the susceptor to heat.