A device (100) for electrophoretic delivery of ions comprising a source electrode (200) in electric and ionic contact with a source electrolyte (202), and a target electrode (400) in electric and ionic contact target electrolyte (402), said source and target electrodes (200, 400) capable of conducting ions and electrons; an ion-conductive channel (302) connecting the source electrolyte (202) with the target electrolyte (402) to provide an ionic connection between said source and said target electrodes (200, 400), wherein said electrodes (200, 400) and said ion-conductive channel (302) are formed of solid or semi-solid materials, and a controller, operable to apply a drive voltage between said source and said target electrodes (200, 400), such that at least after a voltage is applied across said ion-conductive channel, a potential difference between said source and target electrodes (200, 400) is provided, further comprising a trapping electrode (300) comprising an effective amount of a Bronsted base, said trapping electrode (300) being arranged in ionic contact with the ion-conductive channel (302). Use of the device is also disclosed, as is a method of operating the device and a method electrophoretic delivery of ions.

The present invention is directed to a method and apparatus for an electrotherapeutic system including a first and second electrode. Each electrode includes a respective resistance wherein during operation of the electrotherapeutic system, an electrochemical reaction involving one or both of the electrodes varies the respective resistance of at least one of the electrodes.

A multi-type combination electrical stimulation method is for medical treatment of surface and internal infected tissues, surface wounds and ulcers, trauma injuries, abnormal plasia and fibrotic changes, and pain conditions. The multi-type electrotherapy system for non-invasive treatment of both surface and deep body bacterial and viral infections and wound healing includes a machine learning function optimization task algorithm, and a stimulation device electronically with the ability to generate carrier base waveforms with amplitude modulation of these waveforms by secondary frequencies. The ranges of such frequencies are base frequencies in the range of 1-20,000 Hz and modulating frequencies in the range of 1-200 Hz. The waveforms are generated by either direct digital synthesis (DDS) or digital to analogue (DAC) converter electronics.

An apparatus includes multiple first reservoirs and multiple second reservoirs joined with a substrate. Selected ones of the multiple first reservoirs include a reducing agent, and first reservoir surfaces of selected ones of the multiple first reservoirs are proximate to a first substrate surface. Selected ones of the multiple second reservoirs include an oxidizing agent, and second reservoir surfaces of selected ones of the multiple second reservoirs are proximate to the first substrate surface.

The invention provides a variety of novel devices, systems, and methods of utilizing mixed-ionic-electronic conductor (MIEC) materials adapted to function with an applied current or potential. The materials, as part of a circuit, are placed in contact with a part of a human or nonhuman animal body. A sodium selective membrane system utilizing the MIEC is also described.

This specification generally relates to a biphasic injectable electrode which comprises a plurality of solid particles and a transporter phase, wherein both the solid particles and the transporter phase comprise poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)polystyrene sulfonate. The biphasic injectable electrode, in use in a surgical resection cavity in the brain includes inserting the biphasic injectable electrode into a surgical resection cavity in the brain with a tumor resection margin. A probe is inserted into the electrode and four counter electrodes are implanted in the surrounding brain tissue. A charge delivery device delivers charge to the probe via a wire both of which have also been implanted.

Provided is a patch able to produce micro-current to be applied on human skin including a support for electrodes spaced from each other and apt to create voltages typical of galvanic piles, connection means between the electrodes, an adhesive layer applied on one side of the support and apt to adhere to the skin and a protection liner applied on the adhesive layer, the support being a membrane permeable to the moisture inside the electrodes, and the connection means being defined by a material that is avid of moisture, such as silica impregnating the membrane.

The present disclose relates to intravertebral electrical block of spinal transmission of neural signals (at least a portion of sensory signals from the peripheral nervous system and/or at least a portion of motor signals to the peripheral nervous system). At least one intravertebral electrode can be located at a level of a spinal cord of a subject. At least one waveform generator can be coupled to the at least one intravertebral electrode and configured to generate an electrical signal that is sent to the at least one intravertebral electrode for application to the level of the spinal cord of the subject.

A skin dressing comprising first and second electrodes, an electrical power supply not electrically connected to either or both of the first and second electrodes, and further comprising a physiologically or antimicrobially active precursor substance, the dressing being operable, when placed on a skin site to be treated, to connect the electrical power supply to both the first and second electrodes, thereby to trigger the electrochemical oxidation or reduction of the precursor substance on one of the electrodes to produce a physiologically or antimicrobially active oxidized or reduced compound which is capable of diffusing towards the skin site for the treatment thereof.

Various embodiments provide methods and systems for the biphasic iontophoretic transdermal delivery of therapeutic agents. An embodiment of a method for such delivery comprises positioning at least one electrode assembly in electrical communication with a patient's skin. The assembly includes a solution comprising a therapeutic agent which passively diffuses into the skin. A dose of agent is delivered from the assembly into the skin during a first period using a first current having a characteristic e.g., polarity and magnitude, to repel the agent out of the assembly. During a second period, a second current having a characteristic to attract the agent is used to retain the agent in the assembly such that delivery of agent into skin is minimized. A dose of agent may be delivered on demand by an input from the patient. Embodiments may be used for delivery of agents which cause adverse effects from unwanted passive diffusion.