In one aspect, an apparatus for stimulating and/or monitoring a nerve is described herein. In some embodiments, the apparatus comprises a top substrate layer, a bottom substrate layer in facing opposition to the top substrate layer, and a channel disposed between the top substrate layer and the bottom substrate layer. The apparatus further comprises a plurality of electrodes disposed on one or more interior surfaces of the channel. Additionally, the channel is defined by the top substrate layer, the bottom substrate layer, and a retaining wall extending at least partially between the top substrate layer and the bottom substrate layer. The retaining wall retains the nerve within the channel.

Electrode devices are provided having certain thin film components, including at least one thin film contact and a temperature sensor associated with the contact. The temperature sensor can be used to monitor the temperature during use of the electrode device, including during electrical stimulation or ablation. Further, the temperature sensor can be used to identify the most effective temperature for stimulation or ablation.

A method produces a device adapted to be implanted into the human body for purposes such as neural stimulation, sensing or the like. The method includes: providing a stretchable layer or membrane of an insulating material; forming on the layer or membrane at least one stretchable conductive path; depositing at least one small bolus of a soft and conductive paste or material onto pre-defined areas or portions of the at least one conductive path, and inserting a first end portion of a conductive element 71 into the at least one bolus of soft conductive paste or material. A second end portion of the conductive element opposite to the first end portion is not inserted into the at least one bolus.

A method of forming an implantable electrode array that includes one or more packaged control modules. A control module is packaged by mounting the module to a substrate and forming a containment ring around the module. A conformal coating is disposed over the surface of the module to cover the carrier. Within the containment ring, the conformal coating hardens to form a non-porous shell around the control module. The one or more packaged control modules are placed in a flexible array. Electrodes that are mounted to or embedded in the flexible carrier are connected to the one or more control modules.

A method for spinal cord stimulation treatment includes positioning eight implantable electrodes to a dura matter in an epidural space proximate to a subject's spinal cord so that (i) a first circuit is created between a first and second electrode on a first channel, (ii) a second circuit is created between a third and fourth electrode on a second channel, (iii) a third circuit is created between a fifth and sixth electrode on a third channel, and (iv) a fourth circuit is created between a seventh and eighth electrode on a fourth channel, transmitting signals through the first and second circuits that interfere to produce a first beat signal, transmitting signals through the third and fourth circuits that interfere to produce a second beat signal, and interaction of the first and second beat signals results in a combined beat signal proximate to the subject's spinal cord.

An implantable device includes a flexible cable, a circuit chip, a fluid adhesion layer, and a vapor deposited layer. The flexible cable includes a lead-in part, a stimulation part and a connection part connected between the lead-in part and the stimulation part. The circuit chip is fixed to a surface of one side of the lead-in part, and is electrically connected to the lead-in part. The fluid adhesion layer is adhered to an outer side of the circuit chip and an outer side of the lead-in part. The vapor deposited layer (4) is directly deposited on an outer side of the fluid adhesion layer.

A wireless charger system for inductively charging a rechargeable battery of an implantable pulse generator (IPG) implanted in a human body is provided. A charging coil in the charger is wirelessly coupled to a receiving coil of the IPG to charge the rechargeable battery. An end-of-charge (EOC) circuit continuously monitors the reflected impedance from a reflected impedance sensor and determines the end of charge when a predetermined pattern of the reflected impedance corresponding to an EOC signal from the IPG is received. Advantageously, receiving the EOC signal through the charging coil eliminates the need to provide a separate communication circuit in the IPG that communicates with the charger.

Sense amplifier circuits particularly useful in sensing neural responses in an Implantable Pulse Generator (IPG) are disclosed. The IPG includes a plurality of electrodes, with one selected as a sensing electrode and another selected as a reference to differentially sense the neural response in a manner that subtracts a common mode voltage (e.g., stimulation artifact) from the measurement. The circuits include a differential amplifier which receives the selected electrodes at its inputs, and comparator circuitries to assess each differential amplifier input to determine whether it is of a magnitude that is consistent with the differential amplifier's input requirements. Based on these determinations, an enable signal is generated which informs whether the output of the differential amplifier validly provides the neural response at any point in time. Further, clamping circuits are connected to the differential amplifier inputs to clamp these inputs in magnitude to prevent the differential amplifier from damage.

A structure for wireless communication having a plurality of conductor layers, an insulator layer separating each of the conductor layers, and at least one connector connecting two of the conductor layers wherein an electrical resistance is reduced when an electrical signal is induced in the resonator at a predetermined frequency. The structure is capable of transmitting or receiving electrical energy and/or data at various near and far field magnetic coupling frequencies.

Devices, systems, and techniques are disclosed for determining spatial relationships between electrodes implanted within a patient. In one example, a medical device delivers, via a first electrode, an electrical stimulus and senses, for each other electrode, a respective electrical signal indicative of the electrical stimulus. The medical device determines, for each other electrode, a respective value for each respective electrical signal. The medical device determines, based on the respective values for each respective electrical signal and values of tissue conductivity of tissues of the patient interposed between the first electrode and the other electrodes, spatial relationships between the first electrode and each other electrode of the plurality of electrodes.