The problem of a potentially high amount of supra-threshold charge passing through the patient's tissue at the end of an Implantable Pulse Generator (IPG) program is addressed by circuitry that periodically dissipates only small amount of the charge stored on capacitances (e.g., DC-blocking capacitors) during a pulsed post-program recovery period. This occurs by periodically activating control signals to turn on passive recovery switches to form a series of discharge pulses each dissipating a sub-threshold amount of charge. Such periodic pulsed dissipation may extend the duration of post-program recovery, but is not likely to be noticeable by the patient when the programming in the IPG changes from a first to a second program. Periodic pulsed dissipation of charge may also be used during a program, such as between stimulation pulses.

A soft physiotherapy instrument includes a flexible sheet and a controller. The flexible sheet includes a first flexible layer, a second flexible layer, a plurality of functional layers located between the first flexible layer and the second flexible layer, and a plurality of electrodes electrically connected with the plurality of functional layers. The functional layer includes a carbon nanotube layer including a plurality of carbon nanotubes uniformly distributed. The flexible sheet is electrically coupled with the controller via the plurality of electrodes.

A data transfer apparatus (“DTA”) connects to the field generator in a TTFields therapy system using the same connector on the field generator that is used to connect a transducer interface to the field generator. The field generator automatically determines whether the transducer interface or the DTA is connected to it. When the transducer interface is connected to the field generator, the field generator operates to deliver TTFields therapy to a patient. On the other hand, when the DTA is connected to the field generator, the field generator transfers patient-treatment data to the DTA, and the DTA accepts the data from the field generator. After the field generator and the DTA have been disconnected, the DTA transmits the data to a remote server, e.g., via the Internet or via cellular data transmission.

Alternating electric fields (e.g., TTFields) may be applied to a subject's body using one or more electrode assemblies that includes a sheet of graphite, at least one layer of conductive material disposed on the front face of the sheet of graphite, and an electrode element positioned behind the sheet of graphite. The electrode element has a front face disposed in electrical contact with the rear face of the sheet of graphite. The sheet of graphite spreads both heat and current out in directions that are parallel to the front face of the sheet, which eliminates or at least minimizes hot spots on the electrode assembly. This in turn makes it possible to increase the current without exceeding a temperature safety threshold (e.g., 41° C.).

Provided is a clothing for electrical stimulation that may apply electrical stimulation to a user's body without a separate power source and may strengthen the strength of electrical stimulation applied to the body. The clothing for electrical stimulation includes: a main body including a first clothing region clothing a user's sole and a second clothing region worn on a body part other than the user's sole; a first conductor located on an inner surface of the main body and disposed to be in contact with the user's body; and a second conductor electrically connected to the first conductor and located on an outer surface of the main body.

Systems and methods for assessing compliance with position therapy. In an embodiment, position therapy is provided to a user while the user is wearing a position therapy device. The position therapy comprises, by the device, collecting positional data, determining positions of the user over a time period based on the positional data, and, when it is determined that the user is in a target position, providing feedback to the user to influence the user to change to a non-target position. In addition, the device stores a duration of use in its memory. The duration of use indicates a duration that the user has used the wearable position therapy device in each of one or more positions. An assessment of the user's compliance with the position therapy is then provided based, at least in part, on the duration of use.

Numerous aspects of communication devices, methods, and systems are described in this application. One aspect is an apparatus comprising a plurality of energy generators arrangeable on or adjacent skin. Each energy generator of the plurality of energy generators may be operable to output a plurality of different energy types in a signal direction toward the skin. The plurality of energy generators may be operable to communicate with nerves associated with the skin when arranged on or adjacent the skin by outputting an energy signal in the signal direction with one or more energy types of the plurality of different energy types.

A device is provided for the stimulation of neurons that includes a non-invasive stimulation unit to generate stimuli in multiple stimulation channels, where the stimulation unit stimulates a neuron population in the brain and/or spinal cord of a patient in different locations for each of the stimulation channels. Moreover, the device includes a control unit that controls the stimulation unit to generate repetitive bursts in each of the stimulation channels, where each of the bursts includes multiple stimuli and is designed so that they do not reset the phase of the neuronal activity of the respective stimulated neurons.

A system for percutaneously applying electrical stimulation to target nerve tissue to treat a patient having peripheral neuropathy includes a percutaneous electrode assembly, a power supply, and a pulse generator electrically coupled to the percutaneous electrode assembly and the power supply, the pulse generator configured to deliver electrical stimulation to the target nerve tissue via the percutaneous electrode assembly at a level that initiates vasodilation of vasculature within or adjacent the target nerve tissue, where the vasculature is responsible for perfusing the target nerve tissue and the electrical stimulation is delivered with a carrier frequency in the range of 25 kHz to 500 kHz.

A method of assessing or monitoring the normal skin sympathetic nerve activity in a living subject, the subject having a skin, comprises assessing or measuring electrodermal activity, wherein the electrodermal activity is skin conductance, galvanic skin response, electrodermal response, psychogalvanic reflex, skin conductance response, sympathetic skin response or skin conductance level. Skin conductance may be assessed by calculating skin conductance fluctuation peaks per time unit, and when the skin conductance fluctuations peaks are above a certain predefined value, the normal skin sympathetic nerve activity is defined in an analyzing window with a length of about 15 to 60 seconds, the normal skin sympathetic nerve activity is assessed as being obtained or successful. Alternatively, the skin conductance may be assessed by calculating rise time of the mean skin conductance level, the area under the skin conductance fluctuations or the size of the amplitude of the skin conductance fluctuation.