Gamma ray detection system comprising a detection module assembly including at least two detection modules configured for positron emission tomography (PET) scanning of a target zone, each detection module comprising a plurality of stacked scintillator plates each having a major surface oriented to generally face the target zone and lateral minor surfaces defining edges of the scintillator plates, a plurality of photon sensors being mounted against said edges layer photon sensor 18a configured to detect a scintillation event in the scintillator plate from a gamma ray incident on the major surface. The gamma ray detection system is further configured to function as a Compton camera, at least one scintillator plate that is not the scintillator plate closest to the target zone being configured as an absorber scintillator plate for said Compton camera.

A computing system comprising a central processing unit (CPU), and memory coupled to the CPU and having stored therein instructions that, when executed by the computing system, cause the computing system to execute operations to generate a radiation treatment plan. The operations include accessing a minimum prescribed dose to be delivered into and across the target, determining a number of beams and directions of the beams, and determining a beam energy for each of the beams, wherein the number of beams, the directions of the beams, and the beam energy for each of the beams are determined such that the entire target receives the minimum prescribed dose. The operations further include prescribing a dose rate and optimizing dose rate constraints for FLASH therapy, and displaying a dose rate map of the FLASH therapy.

Described herein is an implantable device having a sensor configured to detect an amount of an analyte, a pH, a temperature, strain, or a pressure; and an ultrasonic transducer with a length of about 5 mm or less in the longest dimension, configured to receive current modulated based on the analyte amount, the pH, the temperature, or the pressure detected by the sensor, and emit an ultrasonic backscatter based on the received current. The implantable device can be implanted in a subject, such as an animal or a plant. Also described herein are systems including one or more implantable devices and an interrogator comprising one or more ultrasonic transducers configured to transmit ultrasonic waves to the one or more implantable devices or receive ultrasonic backscatter from the one or more implantable devices. Also described are methods of detecting an amount of an analyte, a pH, a temperature, a strain, or a pressure.

In a radiation therapy system, treatment X-rays are delivered to a target volume at the same time that imaging X-rays are also delivered to the target volume for generating image data of the target volume. That is, during an imaging interval in which imaging X-rays are delivered to the target volume, one or more pulses of treatment X-rays are also delivered to the target volume. In each pixel of an X-ray imaging device of the radiation therapy system, image signal is accumulated during portions of the imaging interval in which only imaging X-rays are delivered to the target volume and is prevented from accumulating in each pixel during the pulses of treatment X-rays.

Embodiments now disclosed herein provide an apparatus and method in which free radicals can be detected in a substance by MRI without changing the MRI static field.

Disclosed herein is a method of characterising physical properties of an attenuating element in a radiotherapy device having a radiotherapy radiation source and a radiotherapy radiation detector on respective sides of the attenuating element. The method comprises obtaining an average detected radiotherapy radiation intensity at two or more locations around the attenuating element, comparing the detected intensity at one location with the average intensity, and characterising a corresponding physical property based on the comparison.

A method for measuring radiation intensity includes measuring the radiation intensity received by the protein in a radiation field based on degree of protein degradation in the radiation field, wherein the degree of degradation is a ratio of the molecular weight of the protein before and after irradiation. The measuring method is simple in operation, small in number of steps, small in error, and capable of measuring radiation doses of various radiation fields or even mixed radiation fields. Use of a biological dosimeter for measuring the radiation intensity by the method in a neutron capture therapy system can not only assess radiation contamination in the irradiation chamber, but also evaluate the neutron dose.

It is provided a method for providing a treatment plan for radiotherapy when the delivery is interrupted, the method being performed by a treatment planning system. The method comprises the steps of: detecting that delivery of a first treatment plan has been interrupted; obtaining an indication of delivery of a partial dose, representing the part of the first treatment plan that was delivered prior to the interruption; generating a second treatment plan, wherein the partial dose delivery forms an input to the second treatment plan generation as a background dose; and optimizing the second treatment plan while considering a plurality of scenarios.

Methods and systems are described for determining quantities of interest for particle therapy. An example method can comprise determining one or more first functions indicative of spectral fluence associated with a particle therapy. The one or more first functions can be based on a plurality of simulations of a particle beam. The method can comprise determining, based on the one or more first functions and a second function associated with calculating a quantity, data indicative of the quantity. The method can comprise causing output of the data indicative of the quantity.

Systems, methods, and computer software are disclosed for acquiring images during delivery of a radiation beam, the images capturing at least a portion of a shape representative of a radiation field generated by a radiation delivery system that includes a radiation source configured to deliver the radiation beam.