The present invention provides probiotic compositions suitable for reducing the incidence and duration of human illness. In particular, the present invention provides methods and compositions suitable for preventing disease in young children. In some particularly preferred embodiments, the present invention finds use in the prevention respiratory disease in children.

The present invention relates to compounds of formula (I) or the tautomers or pharmacologically acceptable acid addition salts thereof, characterized by a topological polar surface area value (TPSA) of at least 145, wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, X, and Z.sup.− have one of the meanings as defined in the specification, to the use of compounds of formula (I) as medicaments, to pharmaceutical compositions comprising at least one compound of formula (I), as well as to medicament combinations containing one or more compounds of formula (I). The compounds are ENaC inhibitors useful for the treatment of respiratory diseases and allergic diseases of the airways.

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The present invention relates to compounds of formula (I), or the tautomers or pharmacologically acceptable acid addition salts thereof, wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, X, and Z have one of the meanings as defined in the specification, to the use of compounds of formula (I) as a medicament, to pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I), as well as to medicament combinations containing one or more compounds of formula (I).

##STR00001##

Described herein is a cyclodextrin containing polymer conjugate.

The present invention relates to compounds of formula (I), or the tautomers or pharmacologically acceptable acid addition salts thereof, wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, X, and Z have one of the meanings as defined in the specification, to the use of compounds of formula (I) as a medicament, to pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I), as well as to medicament combinations containing one or more compounds of formula (I).

##STR00001##

The disclosures herein relate to novel compounds of formula

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are as defined herein, and their use in treating, preventing, ameliorating, controlling or reducing cerebrovascular or vascular disorders associated with CGRP receptor function.

The invention provides compositions or pharmaceutical compositions of novel high penetration compositions (HPC) of a parent compound, which are capable of crossing biological barriers with high penetration efficiency. The HPCs are capable of being converted to parent drugs or parent drug-related compounds such as metabolites after crossing one or more biological barriers and thus can render treatments for the conditions that the parent drugs or parent drug-related compounds can. Additionally, the HPCs are capable of reaching areas that their parent drugs or parent drug-related compounds may not be able to access or to render a sufficient concentration at the target areas and therefore render novel treatments. For example, HPCs of NSAIA have demonstrated indications such as treating hair loss and bold. A HPC can be administered to a subject through various administration routes, e.g., locally delivered to an action site of a condition with a high concentration or systematically administered to a biological subject and enter the general circulation with a faster rate.

The present disclosure relates to certain (2S)-N-[(1S)-1-cyano-2-phenylethyl]-1,4-oxazepane-2-carboxamide compounds (including pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof),

##STR00001##

that inhibit dipeptidyl peptidase 1 (DPP1) activity, to their utility in treating and/or preventing clinical conditions including respiratory diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), to their use in therapy, to pharmaceutical compositions containing them and to processes for preparing such compounds.

The present invention belongs to the field of medicinal chemistry. Disclosed are a pyridine oxynitride, a preparation method therefor and the use thereof. Specifically, the present invention relates to a series of sodium ion channel blockers with a new structure, a preparation method therefor and the use thereof. The structure thereof is as shown in general formula (I) below. The compounds or a stereoisomer, a racemate, a geometric isomer, a tautomer, a prodrug, a hydrate, a solvate, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and a pharmaceutical composition can be used for treating or/and preventing related diseases mediated by a sodium ion channel (NaV).

##STR00001##

Provided are a novel compound that effectively antagonizes P2X3 receptor, a preparation method thereof, and use thereof in the preparation of drugs. The compound is a compound represented by Formula I, or a tautomer, a stereoisomer, a hydrate, a solvate, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a prodrug thereof.

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