Bifunctional compounds that increase uric acid excretion and reduce uric acid production, and monofunctional compounds that either increase uric acid excretion or reduce uric acid production. Methods of using these compounds for reducing uric acid levels in blood or serum, for treating disorders or uric acid metabolism, and for maintaining normal uric acid levels in blood or serum are provided. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising the bifunctional and monofunctional compounds are also provided.

Disclosed here is a novel use of a pharmaceutical composition comprising glutathione or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts or derivatives as active ingredient, in the forms of tablets, capsules, powder, spray and/or liquid, through oral administration, intervene injection, inhale and/or skin transmission, to treat and prevent gout and lead nephropathy. Embodiments of gout and lead nephropathy treatable by the pharmaceutical composition described herein include, without limitation, gout, kidney stones, tophi, hyperuricemia, blood lead, renal disease (lead nephropathy), complications thereof, as well as other conditions caused by lifestyle, genetics, medical conditions, and blood lead level. Symptoms treatable may include inflammatory arthritis, which typically involves a red, tender, hot, and swollen joint.

The invention is related to an inositol polyphosphate oligo alkyl ether compound, or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt, for use in treatment or prevention of a disease associated with formation of calcium salt crystals.

The invention is related to an inositol polyphosphate oligo alkyl ether compound, or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt, for use in treatment or prevention of a disease associated with formation of calcium salt crystals.

The present invention relates to specific doses of and dosing regimens for using a 1,2,4-oxadiazole benzoic acid compound in treating or preventing diseases associated with nonsense mutations. In particular, the invention relates to specific doses and dosing regimens for the use of 3-[5-(2-fluoro-phenyl)-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-3-yl]-benzoic acid in mammals having diseases associated with nonsense mutations.

The present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing 2-((3-(4-cyanonaphthalen-1-yl)pyridine-4-yl)thio)-2-methylpropanoic acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt (hereinafter referred to as the “Agent”), more particularly to orally deliverable compositions containing the Agent; to the use of said compositions as a medicament; and to processes for the preparation of said compositions.

The present invention relates to specific doses of and dosing regimens for using a 1,2,4-oxadiazole benzoic acid compound in treating or preventing diseases associated with nonsense mutations. In particular, the invention relates to specific doses and dosing regimens for the use of 3-[5-(2-fluoro-phenyl)-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-3-yl]-benzoic acid in mammals having diseases associated with nonsense mutations.

Provided are certain URAT1 inhibitors, pharmaceutical compositions thereof, and methods of use thereof.

The present invention relates to methods of synthesizing long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, in recombinant cells such as yeast or plant cells. Also provided are recombinant cells or plants which produce long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a group of new enzymes which possess desaturase or elongase activity that can be used in methods of synthesizing long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids.

The present disclosure provides phospholipid-containing compounds, pharmaceutical compositions and microspheres that exhibit high affinity for mineralized metals. The present disclosure also provides strategies for using said compounds, compositions and microspheres in the treatment of nephrolithiasis or kidney stone disease, and methods of manufacturing and preparing said compounds and compositions.