Cranial placodes are embryonic structures essential for sensory and endocrine organ development. The efficient derivation of cranial placodes from human pluripotent stem cells is disclosed where the timed removal of the BMP inhibitor Noggin, a component of the dual-SMAD inhibition strategy of neural induction, triggers placode induction at the expense of CNS fates. Further fate specification at the pre-placode stage enables the selective generation of placode-derived trigeminal ganglia capable of in vivo engraftment, mature lens fibers and anterior pituitary hormone-producing cells that upon transplantation produce hormones including, but not limited to, human growth hormone and adrenocortiocotropic hormone in vivo. Alternatively, anterior pituitary hormone-producing cells are generated in cell culture systems in vitro.

The present invention relates to pre-formulations comprising low viscosity, non-liquid crystalline, mixtures of: a) at least one ester of a sugar or sugar derivative; b) at least one phospholipid; c) at least one biocompatible, oxygen containing, low viscosity organic solvent; wherein the pre-formulation forms, or is capable of forming, at least one liquid crystalline phase structure upon contact with an aqueous fluid; with the proviso that the pre-formulation does not further comprise a liquid crystal hardener. The preformulations are suitable for generating parenteral, non-parenteral and topical depot compositions for sustained release of active agents. The invention additionally relates to a method of delivery of an active agent comprising administration of a preformulation of the invention, a depot composition formed by exposing pre-formulations of the invention to an aqueous fluid, a method of treatment comprising administration of a preformulation of the invention and the use of a preformulation of the invention.

The present technology generally relates to peptides that bind to the growth hormone receptor (GhR), to peptides that bind to the GhR and have antagonistic activity, and to compositions comprising such peptides.

Described herein are methods of treating non-metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer with anti-androgens.

The disclosure is directed in non-limiting embodiments to compounds, compositions, and methods of treating conditions and diseases associated with activation of the gonadotropin GnRH receptor (GnRHR), particularly those involving GnRHR activating autoantibodies (GnRHR AAbs). In one non-limiting embodiment, the disease is Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). The therapeutic compounds in at least certain embodiments include peptides which at least partially comprise D-amino acids, such as retro-inverso D-amino acid (RID) peptides, which are able to bind with high affinity to GnRHR AAbs.

The disclosure is directed in non-limiting embodiments to compounds, compositions, and methods of treating conditions and diseases associated with activation of the gonadotropin GnRH receptor (GnRHR), particularly those involving GnRHR activating autoantibodies (GnRHR AAbs). In one non-limiting embodiment, the disease is Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). The therapeutic compounds in at least certain embodiments include peptides which at least partially comprise D-amino acids, such as retro-inverso D-amino acid (RID) peptides, which are able to bind with high affinity to GnRHR AAbs.

A transdermal absorption-type patch (10) includes: a support material (1) and an adhesive layer (2) laminated on the support material (1). The adhesive layer (2) includes: a solid composite material (2a), the solid composite material (2a) being an active ingredient with a molecular weight of 800 or greater enclosed by a surfactant; an oil phase; and an adhesive agent, the adhesive agent containing an acrylic elastomer. The content of the acrylic elastomer is 30% to 70% by mass based on the total mass of the acrylic elastomer and the oil phase. The composite material (2a) forms a solid-in-oil type particle dispersed in the oil phase.

A method of introducing a physiologically-active agent into the circulatory system of a mammal is disclosed herein. The method utilizes a rapid drug delivery system which prevents deactivation or degradation of the active agent being administered to a patient in need of treatment. In particular, the drug delivery system is designed for pulmonary drug delivery such as by inhalation, for delivery of the active agents such as proteins and peptides to the pulmonary circulation in a therapeutically effective manner avoiding degradation of the active agents in peripheral and vascular tissue before reaching the target site.

Provided herein are compounds, preferably thyroid hormone receptor beta (THR beta) agonist compounds, compositions thereof, methods of their preparation, and methods of agonizing THR beta and methods for treating disorders mediated by THR beta.

The present invention relates to a medicament for treating or preventing a disease related to orexin receptor, especially orexin type 2 receptor, comprising a new compound having a urea structure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient. In more detail, the present invention relates to a medicament for treating or preventing narcolepsy, idiopathic hypersomnia, hypersomnia, sleep apnea syndrome, etc.