The present invention relates to a process for providing the compound of formula I, comprising the step of reacting a compound of formula VII with a base in the presence of an alkaline- or alkaline earth metal salt (MX), wherein LG is a leaving group. The presence of an alkaline- or alkaline earth metal salt was surprisingly found to render said reaction highly reliable in terms of the yield and purity of the compound of formula I obtained. In a further aspect, the present invention relates to the compound of formula I, having less than an amount of 1.50% or less than an amount of 1.25% or less than an amount of 1.00% or less than an amount of 0.75% or less than an amount of 0.50% or less than an amount of 0.25% or less than an amount of 0.10% of the compound of formula VIII.

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The present invention provides immune stimulating peptides (immunorhelins) capable of activating GnRH receptors when administered to animal or human patients or cells. These immunorhelins have utility in treating intracellular bacterial, fungal, and protozoal infections.

The present disclosure provides methods and compositions for testosterone replacement therapy. The methods and compositions employ a fixed dose dosing regimen that does not require titration or dose adjustments and that can provide a therapeutically effective amount of a testosterone ester while avoiding unacceptably high testosterone levels.

The present disclosure provides methods and compositions for testosterone replacement therapy. The methods and compositions employ a fixed dose dosing regimen that does not require titration or dose adjustments and that can provide a therapeutically effective amount of a testosterone ester while avoiding unacceptably high testosterone levels.

Disclosed are a bicyclic compound used as a non-steroidal selective androgen receptor modulator and the use thereof in the preparation of a drug for treating related diseases which are mediated by an androgen receptor. Specifically, the present invention discloses a compound as shown in formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

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The invention relates to a sprayable liquid solution for the transdermal delivery of testosterone comprising testosterone, a penetration enhancer, and a film forming excipient, and to methods of treatment using this composition.

The present disclosure concerns peptide compounds of formula I or II and combinations thereof that can be administered orally for promoting endogenous steroid, and particularly testosterone, production:

TABLE-US-00001 (I) A-Xaa.sub.1-Xaa.sub.2-Xaa.sub.3-Xaa.sub.4-Xaa.sub.5-Xaa.sub.6-Xaa.sub.7-Xaa.sub.8-B (II) A-Xaa.sub.1-Xaa.sub.A-Xaa.sub.B-Xaa.sub.2-Xaa.sub.3-Xaa.sub.4-Xaa.sub.5-Xaa.sub.6-Xaa.sub.7-Xaa.sub.C- Xaa.sub.D-Xaa.sub.E-Xaa.sub.8-B

The present disclosure concerns peptide compounds of formula I or II and combinations thereof that can be administered orally for promoting endogenous steroid, and particularly testosterone, production:

TABLE-US-00001 (I) A-Xaa.sub.1-Xaa.sub.2-Xaa.sub.3-Xaa.sub.4-Xaa.sub.5-Xaa.sub.6-Xaa.sub.7-Xaa.sub.8-B (II) A-Xaa.sub.1-Xaa.sub.A-Xaa.sub.B-Xaa.sub.2-Xaa.sub.3-Xaa.sub.4-Xaa.sub.5-Xaa.sub.6-Xaa.sub.7-Xaa.sub.C- Xaa.sub.D-Xaa.sub.E-Xaa.sub.8-B

The present invention relates to treatment of AR-related disorders by modulating the levels of AR2, which is a naturally occurring AR variant and is capable of modulating AR transcriptional activity.

A formulation for drug delivery, providing enhanced modulation of solubility, stability, absorption, metabolism, and/or pharmacokinetic profile of a lipophilic therapeutic agent by formulation with sterols and/or sterol esters, resulting in higher bioavailability of a therapeutic agent administered to a subject in need of such therapeutic agent. The formulation contains a therapeutic agent and a sterol or sterol ester, and can, optionally, further contain a solubilizer and/or an enhancing agent. Also described are pharmaceutical compositions containing the formulations and methods of making and methods of using the formulations and pharmaceutical compositions. Formulations of the disclosure can be constituted to minimize the synthesis of dihydrotestosterone when the therapeutic agent includes testosterone or testosterone esters.