An amorphous form of a nitrogen-containing tricyclic compound and a use thereof, a pharmaceutical composition containing the compound in the amorphous form, and the use of the compound in the amorphous form or the pharmaceutical composition in the preparation of a drug for preventing, treating or alleviating FXR-mediated diseases in a patient.

The present system is directed in several embodiments to a method of administration of a therapeutic composition for protection of the brain of a subject at risk of injury leading to traumatic brain injury (TBI) and/or treatment of injury to the brain resulting from TBI. The method includes administering one or more therapeutic compositions comprising an effective amount of insulin directly to the subject patient's CNS, with no to minimal systemic exposure. Preferably, this method comprises administration of an effective amount of insulin to the upper third of a patient's nasal cavity, thereby bypassing the patient's blood-brain barrier and delivering the therapeutic composition directly to the patient's central nervous system.

The invention concerns Lactobacillus reuteri for use in the prevention or treatment of microbiota dysbiosis, in particular, decreased levels of Actinobacteria and increased levels of Proteobacteria, in young mammals and in the prevention or treatment of disorders associated therewith. The microbiota dysbiosis may have been cause by numerous factors including being born by caesarean section, exposure to antibiotics in utero or after birth, or, parenteral feeding, hospitalizing, psychological stress or by gastrointestinal dysfunctions. The disorders that may be treated or prevented by preventing or treating microbiota dysbiosis include propensity to infection, allergy, type I diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, celiac disease, peripheral and central adiposity, obesity, necrotizing enterocolitis, inflammatory bowel disease, such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, and functional gastrointestinal disorders such as IBS, functional diarrhea, functional constipation, recurrent abdominal pain, and dyspepsia.

An incretin analogue, a preparation method therefor, and the use thereof. The incretin analogue has a GLP-1R/GIPR/GCGR agonist activity, is a triple agonist, and can be used for lowering blood glucose, reducing fat and reducing weight.

Disclosed herein are compositions and in vitro and in vivo methods for reprogramming post-natal (adult and juvenile) tissue into insulinogenic cells. These compositions and methods are useful for a variety of purposes, including the development of diabetes therapies.

The present invention relates to novel hydroxyl compounds, compositions comprising hydroxyl compounds, and methods useful for treating and preventing a variety of diseases and conditions such as, but not limited to aging, Alzheimer's Disease, cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, a disorder of glucose metabolism, dyslipidemia, dyslipoproteinemia, hypertension, impotence, inflammation, insulin resistance, lipid elimination in bile, obesity, oxysterol elimination in bile, pancreatitis, pancreatitis, Parkinson's disease, a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-associated disorder, phospholipid elimination in bile, renal disease, septicemia, metabolic syndrome disorders (e.g., Syndrome X), thrombotic disorder. Compounds and methods of the invention can also be used to modulate C reactive protein or enhance bile production in a patient. In certain embodiments, the compounds, compositions, and methods of the invention are useful in combination therapy with other therapeutics, such as hypocholesterolemic and hypoglycemic agents.

The present invention provides use of endostatin or a functional variant thereof in the preparation of a medicament for treating dietary obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, insulin resistance or glucose intolerance. In the embodiments of the present invention, the functional variant may be YH-16, mES, mYH-16, m003, m007, mZ101, or the like.

Provided are novel compounds of Formula (I): ##STR00001##
pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and pharmaceutical compositions thereof, which are useful in the treatment of diseases and disorders mediated by RORγ. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions comprising the novel compounds of Formula (I) and methods for their use in treating one or more inflammatory, metabolic, autoimmune and other diseases or disorders.

The present invention provides compounds represented by Formula I, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, stereoisomers, solvates, hydrates or combination thereof,

##STR00001##

The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds and methods of using this compounds for treating FXR-mediated or TGR5-mediated diseases or conditions.

A method for preventing or reducing adverse effects such as profuse sweating, nausea and vomiting, which normally are associated with subcutaneous and intravenous administration of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) therapy is provided. In particular, the method comprises the rapid administration of a GLP-1 formulation into the pulmonary circulation such as by inhalation, directly into pulmonary alveolar capillaries using a dry powder drug delivery system.