An elongated hollow component includes a body extending from a first end to a second end and defining a longitudinal axis. The body includes a plurality of layers each circumscribing the longitudinal axis. The plurality of layers includes a base layer including a first steel material, and an inner surface coating coupled to a radially inner surface of the base layer. The inner surface coating includes a second steel material.

A combined HVAC and fire suppression system includes a HVAC apparatus and a fluid outlet for release of heat exchange fluid into a discharge plenum of the HVAC system. The heat exchange fluid is a clean agent, such that release of the heat exchange fluid into the discharge plenum provides a fire suppressant effect for a conditioned space. The HVAC apparatus includes a network of piping holding a heat exchange fluid and arranged for chilling the heat exchange fluid via a chiller connected to the piping; a fan coil unit connected to the network of piping, the fan coil unit includes a coil for passage of the heat exchange fluid chilled by the chiller, a fan for movement of air over the coil in order to transfer heat from the air to the heat exchange fluid in the coil, and the discharge plenum.

A combined HVAC and fire suppression system includes a HVAC apparatus and a fluid outlet for release of heat exchange fluid into a discharge plenum of the HVAC system. The heat exchange fluid is a clean agent, such that release of the heat exchange fluid into the discharge plenum provides a fire suppressant effect for a conditioned space. The HVAC apparatus includes a network of piping holding a heat exchange fluid and arranged for chilling the heat exchange fluid via a chiller connected to the piping; a fan coil unit connected to the network of piping, the fan coil unit includes a coil for passage of the heat exchange fluid chilled by the chiller, a fan for movement of air over the coil in order to transfer heat from the air to the heat exchange fluid in the coil, and the discharge plenum.

Antifreezes are provided for deployment in wet sprinkler systems located in cold environments. The antifreezes allow for the wet sprinkler system to be actuated under temperatures below 32° F. Wet sprinklers, sprinkler systems, methods of providing for the control, suppression and/or extinguishment of a fire that occur in a cold environment, and methods of preventing wet sprinklers from freezing also are provided. The sprinklers, sprinkler systems and methods can be used in residential, commercial and storage settings.

Antifreezes are provided for deployment in wet sprinkler systems located in cold environments. The antifreezes allow for the wet sprinkler system to be actuated under temperatures below 32° F. Wet sprinklers, sprinkler systems, methods of providing for the control, suppression and/or extinguishment of a fire that occur in a cold environment, and methods of preventing wet sprinklers from freezing also are provided. The sprinklers, sprinkler systems and methods can be used in residential, commercial and storage settings.

An embodiment of a fire-suppression water-intake valve includes a receptacle and a valve assembly. The receptacle is configured to receive a sprinkler head. And the valve assembly is configured to close in response to removing a sprinkler head from the receptacle, and is configured to open in response to installing a sprinkler head in the receptacle. Such a fire-suppression water-intake valve can allow quick and easy removal and installation of a fire-suppression sprinkler head without shutting a water supply to the valve.

An embodiment of a fire-suppression water-intake valve includes a receptacle and a valve assembly. The receptacle is configured to receive a sprinkler head. And the valve assembly is configured to close in response to removing a sprinkler head from the receptacle, and is configured to open in response to installing a sprinkler head in the receptacle. Such a fire-suppression water-intake valve can allow quick and easy removal and installation of a fire-suppression sprinkler head without shutting a water supply to the valve.

System and methods using automatic fire protection sprinklers to provide ceiling-only fire protection of rack storage. The systems and methods provide for hydraulic and system parameters that include a hydraulic design area based upon five to no more than twelve hydraulically most remote fire protection sprinklers with a prescribed hybrid minimum design pressure.

A system for mitigating fire within a battery storage container enclosing an energy storage system includes a sensor configured to detect a precursor condition indicative of a potential fire or explosion, a controller, and a set of extendable battery trays, each including a tray ejector and containing a set of battery cells. The controller detects a precursor condition in a battery tray via the sensor and ejects the battery tray to increase the distance between the battery tray and adjacent battery trays. The system can include a cooling channel in the battery tray configured to cool the set of battery cells, and/or a nozzle configured to direct fluid into the battery tray to suppress the precursor condition. In one variation, the system includes a door of the container configured to open, venting the interior of the container in response to detection of a precursor condition indicating a potential explosion.

A dual air vent assembly for wet pipe fire protection sprinkler systems allows air or gas to vent from system pipes as they fill, without spilling any water into the fire-protected environment, even if an air vent valve, operative to discharge air or gas but not fluid, fails. A shut-off valve is upstream of the first air vent valve, and a reservoir is downstream of it. Small amounts of water that escape the first air vent valve are collected in the downstream reservoir, and evaporate. The reservoir also collects fluid if the first air vent valve fails. In response to fluid in the reservoir at or above a predetermined level, the shut-off valve is actuated to arrest the flow of fluid into the first air vent valve. No water escapes the assembly, even if the first air vent valve fails. The shut-off valve may be electronically or mechanically actuated.