Systems and apparatuses of a sprinkler frame having an upper section, a lower section, and a channel extending along a sprinkler axis are provided. The lower section can include apertures through the frame, a guide pin having a first end with a head, a second end, and a shaft extending therebetween. The shaft of the guide pin can translate in an axial direction of the sprinkler axis within the apertures of the sprinkler frame. The deflector can couple with the second end of the guide pin and can include a first side, second side, third side, and fourth side. The first side and the second side may be smaller than the third side and the fourth side and can include an end profile defining a first tine, second tine, third tine, and fourth tine separating a first slot, second slot, and third slot.

Systems and apparatuses of a sprinkler frame having an upper section, a lower section, and a channel extending along a sprinkler axis are provided. The lower section can include apertures through the frame, a guide pin having a first end with a head, a second end, and a shaft extending therebetween. The shaft of the guide pin can translate in an axial direction of the sprinkler axis within the apertures of the sprinkler frame. The deflector can couple with the second end of the guide pin and can include a first side, second side, third side, and fourth side. The first side and the second side may be smaller than the third side and the fourth side and can include an end profile defining a first tine, second tine, third tine, and fourth tine separating a first slot, second slot, and third slot.

Antifreezes are provided for deployment in wet sprinkler systems located in cold environments. The antifreezes allow for the wet sprinkler system to be actuated under temperatures below 32° F. Wet sprinklers, sprinkler systems, methods of providing for the control, suppression and/or extinguishment of a fire that occur in a cold environment, and methods of preventing wet sprinklers from freezing also are provided. The sprinklers, sprinkler systems and methods can be used in residential, commercial and storage settings.

Antifreezes are provided for deployment in wet sprinkler systems located in cold environments. The antifreezes allow for the wet sprinkler system to be actuated under temperatures below 32° F. Wet sprinklers, sprinkler systems, methods of providing for the control, suppression and/or extinguishment of a fire that occur in a cold environment, and methods of preventing wet sprinklers from freezing also are provided. The sprinklers, sprinkler systems and methods can be used in residential, commercial and storage settings.

A single-stage carbon dioxide multi-split cooling and heating multifunctional central air conditioner, comprising a single-stage carbon dioxide circulation system using carbon dioxide as a circulation working medium; the single-stage carbon dioxide circulation system comprises an outdoor unit and a plurality of end heat exchangers provided in parallel; and the carbon dioxide medium performs cooling and/or heating in a circulating manner in a carbon dioxide compressor, an outdoor heat exchanger, a liquid storage tank and the end heat exchangers which are in communication with one another.

A single-stage carbon dioxide multi-split cooling and heating multifunctional central air conditioner, comprising a single-stage carbon dioxide circulation system using carbon dioxide as a circulation working medium; the single-stage carbon dioxide circulation system comprises an outdoor unit and a plurality of end heat exchangers provided in parallel; and the carbon dioxide medium performs cooling and/or heating in a circulating manner in a carbon dioxide compressor, an outdoor heat exchanger, a liquid storage tank and the end heat exchangers which are in communication with one another.

A system and methods are provided for community outdoor fire protection comprising: receiving indicators of a current fire, and responsively determining a level of the current fire risk for each of multiple endpoints of a shared water supply; determining a relative duty cycle for operating each endpoint according to a fire risk; receiving a water pressure measurement of the shared water source and determining a maximum number of concurrent endpoints to operate; accordingly allocating operation of each endpoint to a set of time slots; and activating the multiple endpoints to turn on respective water flows according to the time slot allocation.

A system and methods are provided for community outdoor fire protection comprising: receiving indicators of a current fire, and responsively determining a level of the current fire risk for each of multiple endpoints of a shared water supply; determining a relative duty cycle for operating each endpoint according to a fire risk; receiving a water pressure measurement of the shared water source and determining a maximum number of concurrent endpoints to operate; accordingly allocating operation of each endpoint to a set of time slots; and activating the multiple endpoints to turn on respective water flows according to the time slot allocation.

A valve comprises a housing having a main inlet, a detection port and an outlet, each providing a channel extending from an exterior of the valve into a hollow interior defined in part by the housing. The inlet is arranged, in use, to be in fluid communication with the interior of a pressurised cylinder of extinguishant fluid. The detection port is arranged, in use, to be in fluid communication with a fire detection system. The valve has two valve parts which are relatively movable between a first position, a second position and a third position. In the first position, a face seal prevents communication between the high pressure chamber and the low pressure chamber, in the second position, the face seal is in an unsealed position and allows communication between the high pressure chamber and the low pressure chamber, and in the third position, the face seal prevents communication between the high pressure chamber and the low pressure chamber.

A fire suppression system includes at least one high pressure gas source containing an inert gas, at least one low pressure gas source containing an organic halide gas, a distribution network connected with the high pressure gas source and the low pressure gas source to distribute the inert gas and the organic halide gas, and a controller in communication with the distribution network. The distribution network includes flow control devices configured to control flow of the inert gas and the organic halide gas. The controller is configured to initially release the inert gas in response to a fire threat to reduce an oxygen concentration at the fire threat below a preset oxygen concentration threshold, and release the organic halide gas to increase an organic halide gas concentration at the fire threat above a preset organic halide gas concentration threshold while the oxygen concentration is below the preset oxygen concentration threshold.