Improvements in a golf grip hand structure efficiency device and a method of using the device are disclosed. The device is used determine a value of a parameter for a golfer called a golf grip hand structure efficiency. A golfer's determined golf grip hand structure efficiency value may be applied to create proper base gripping and swinging structures for the golfer for use in applicable swing improvement and/or clubfitting processes.

A grip adjustment system comprising: a sleeve positionable, in use, on an object configured to be gripped by a user. The system also comprises a distributed array of actuators, each actuator being arranged to actuate a respective portion of the sleeve between a first position and a second position in response to an actuation signal; and a processor. The processor is operable to: receive a pressure distribution and an event quality indicator corresponding to an event of interest; determine an optimal grip based on the pressure distribution and the event quality indicator; select an actuator, of the distributed array of actuators, to be actuated based on the optimal grip; transmit the actuation signal to the actuator such that the shape of the sleeve is changed and the grip of the user is adjusted.

Systems and methods for determining an optimal grip position on a golf club are disclosed. A method includes: obtaining, by a computer device, ball lie data; determining, by the computer device, an optimal grip position for a golf club based on the ball lie data and historical shot data of a user; and transmitting, by the computer device, data defining the optimal grip position to a smart grip attached to a shaft of the golf club.

A device that includes a receiving surface for positioning at least one human body part, multiple capacitive sensor elements disposed within multiple positioning areas on the receiving surface, a sense circuit configured to compare the capacitance measurements of the sensor elements with threshold capacitance values and generate a signal when the capacitance measurements indicate proximity of a human body part on a positioning area, and an indicator configured to generate a notification when the position of the human body part corresponds with at least one location on the receiving surface.