A let detection system includes a sensor including an accelerometer attached to a tennis net. The sensor is in wireless communication with an umpire device able to send a message to the sensor, wherein the message causes the sensor to calibrate and begin monitoring for a let. The sensor determines a three-dimensional (3D) vector representing the gravity acting on the sensor as a baseline. When the sensor detects vertical acceleration of the net relative to the baseline and the vertical motion is above a preset threshold, the sensor automatically transmits a let notification message to the umpire device.

A sports and performance media positional detection system, comprising: at least two elements, with at least one element involved in the sporting activity; a power source; and machine-to-machine communication, which are collectively arranged such that if any two or more elements interact, their electromagnetic properties can be detected thus allowing the position of the interacting elements to be communicated to a decision maker. The system can be applied to at least one stationary element, which can be the playing surface, lines defining the boundaries, or a set of goalposts; and at least one moving element, which could be a ball, footwear, or the participants themselves. The system can also be applied to performance media capture.

A variable-color region (106) of an information-presentation structure extends to an exposed surface (102) at a surface zone (112), normally appears along it as a principal color, and includes pressure-sensitive color-change structure (132) and pressure-spreading structure (242) having an internal pressure-spreading surface (244). An object (104) impacts the zone at an object-contact area (116). The pressure-spreading structure spreads pressure of the impact along a distributed-pressure area (256) of the pressure-spreading surface. A segment (142) of the pressure-sensitive color-change structure responds to the excess internal pressure along the distributed-pressure area by causing an impact-dependent portion (138) of the variable-color region to temporarily appear along a print area (118) of the zone as changed color materially different from the principal color if the excess internal pressure meets excess internal pressure criteria. The print area thereby closely matches the object-contact area in size, shape, and location.

Principal and secondary regions (106 and 108) of an information-presentation structure extend to an exposed surface (102) respectively at principal and secondary surface zones (112 and 114) variously impacted by a spherical object (104) that rebounds from the surface. The principal region normally appears along the principal zone as a principal color. An impact-dependent portion (138) of the principal region responds to the object impacting the principal zone at an object-contact area (116) by temporarily appearing along a print area (118) of the principal zone as changed color materially different from the principal color. The print area closely matches the object-contact area in size, shape, and location. The secondary region fixedly appears along the secondary zone as a secondary color. Restitution matching is provided across the two zones so that the rebound characteristics of the object are largely independent of whether it contacts the principal or secondary zone.

An automated officiating and player development system for a game played on a court with a net. The system utilizes arrays of optical imaging devices that are positioned near the net and face outwardly toward the two halves of the court. Each of the arrays scan across the court in two scan fields, wherein a first scan field projects across the court in an area below the an elevated second scan field. The second scan field is positioned a few inches above the first scan field. In this manner, any object that contacts the court from above must pass through both the first scan field and the second scan field. Separate arrays of optical detecting devices are positioned along the net. All the arrays produce pixilated images of any object they scan. A processor analyzes the pixilated images to identify the pixilated images of the detected objects.

A variable-color region (106) of an information-presentation structure extends to an exposed surface (102) at a surface zone (112) and normally appears along it as a principal color. An impact-dependent portion (138) of the variable-color region responds to an object (104) impacting the zone at an object-contact area (116) by providing an impact signal if the impact meets threshold impact criteria. The impact signal identifies an expected location of a print area (118) in the zone. The print area meets one of plural different print-area location criteria respectively corresponding to plural changed colors materially different from the principal color. Responsive to the impact signal, a controller (702) determines which location criterion is met by the print area and provides an initiation signal at a corresponding condition. The impact-dependent portion responds to the initiation signal by temporarily appearing along the print area as the changed color for that location criterion.

A sports and performance media positional detection system, comprising: at least two elements, with at least one element involved in the sporting activity; a power source; and machine-to-machine communication, which are collectively arranged such that if any two or more elements interact, their electromagnetic properties can be detected thus allowing the position of the interacting elements to be communicated to a decision maker. The system can be applied to at least one stationary element, which can be the playing surface, lines defining the boundaries, or a set of goalposts; and at least one moving element, which could be a ball, footwear, or the participants themselves. The system can also be applied to performance media capture.

A let detection system includes a sensor including an accelerometer attached to a tennis net. The sensor is in wireless communication with an umpire device able to send a message to the sensor, wherein the message causes the sensor to calibrate and begin monitoring for a let. The sensor determines a three-dimensional (3D) vector representing the gravity acting on the sensor as a baseline. When the sensor detects vertical acceleration of the net relative to the baseline and the vertical motion is above a preset threshold, the sensor automatically transmits a let notification message to the umpire device.

We generally describe an audio-based line fault detection system for a sports game. The audio-based line fault detection system comprises one or more audio sensors (102) for sensing an audio signal generated by a sports gaming device bouncing off a sports field. The sports field comprises surface modifications applied to a line and/or an area adjacent to the line on the sports field such that the generated audio signal is dependent on whether or not the sports gaming device bounces off the sports field where the surface modifications are applied. The detection system is configured to generate a sound profile from the audio signal sensed by the one or more audio sensors (102). The detection system is further configured to identify a bounce type based on the sound profile, wherein the bounce type is defined by whether or not the sports gaming device has bounced off the sports field where the surface modifications are applied.

A variable-color region (106) of an information-presentation structure extends to an exposed surface (102) at a surface zone (112) and normally appears along it as a principal color. An impact-dependent portion (138) of the variable-color region responds to an object (104) impacting the zone at an object-contact area (116) by temporarily appearing along a closely matching print area (118) of the zone as changed color materially different from the principal color if the impact meets threshold impact criteria. Object-tracking apparatus (808) tracks movement of the object over the surface and provides an image-causing tracking impact signal when the object impacts the zone according to the tracking. An image-generating system (802, 842, 1152, or 1182) responds to at least the impact signal by generating a print-area vicinity image consisting of an image of the print area and adjacent area of the surface.