A security-enhanced document includes a substrate and variable indicia comprising ink having a signal. The variable indicia is of a specific type and is applied to the substrate using a specific application technique. At least one other printed portion, which is a back of the document, has background ink noise, and the type of ink of the back of the document is of the same type of ink applied to the substrate using the same application technique as the ink of the variable indicia. The document also includes a scratch-off-coating applied over the variable indicia. The document has a signal-to-noise ratio of the ink of the variable indicia relative to the background ink noise of the back of the document that is not appreciable, thereby making the variable indicia unreadable with reference to the back of the document when the scratch-off-coating remains intact.

A tilt detection system including a roulette wheel, at least one inclination sensor positioned on or within a rim of the roulette wheel, and a display module comprising a plurality of light outputs. The tilt detection system can obtain positional data during operation of the roulette wheel and determine tilt data indicative of the roulette wheel's position relative to a baseline indicative of a leveled state. A roulette wheel tilt status, e.g., level, warning, and error, may be determined based on the tilt data, and a display module can activate the plurality of light outputs based on the tilt status. Two or more stepper motors may lever the roulette wheel in response to the tilt status.

A detection system according to the present invention includes a control device detecting fraud performed in a game table by using a result of an image analysis performed by an image analyzing device, and substitute currency for gaming used for this detection system has a multi-layer structure in which a plurality of plastic layers having different colors are stacked, a coloring layer is included at least in the middle, and white layers or thin-color layers (may be layers having a color thinner than that of the coloring layer) are stacked on both sides of the coloring layer disposed in the middle. A multi-layer structure, in which a coloring layer is included, and white layers or thin-color layers (the layers may be layers of a color that is thinner than that of the coloring layer) are stacked on both sides of the coloring layer of this middle, is employed.

A method includes. determining numbers of a cards sequentially removed from a card shooter and delivered to one or more persons during a round of a card game. The method further includes determining, based on the determined numbers of the cards and based on one or more signals received from a set of card detecting optical sensors of a group of sensors located on one or more card guide rails, whether there is an attempt to draw a card from the card shooter after the round of the card game is over. The method also includes, based a determination of that the attempt occurred, generating a signal indicating the attempt.

Administrating a package of shuffled playing cards to prevent fraudulent card exchanges. The administrating system is configured to calculate places and a number of packages of shuffled playing cards at places of the backyard, the places of playing tables, places of carriers and the disposition place using information obtained by the loading step and unloading step and the administrating system calculates by every ID codes bases 1) places of packages registered by the registering step for registering to a data base of administrating system and a number of packages place by place from information obtained from the loading step and the unloading step. The administrating system is configured to recognize whether there is a lost package by comparing the information of all ID codes registered in registering steps with the ID codes at places of packages obtained at the calculating step from the loading step and the unloading step.

A card shoe apparatus including a card housing unit for housing a plurality of cards; an opening in the card housing unit for manually withdrawing the cards one by one from the card housing unit in a card reading direction; a card reading unit that reads information on the cards as the cards are manually withdrawn from the card housing unit in the card reading direction; a control unit that stores rules of a card game and determines the results of the card game based on the information read by the card reading unit and the rules of the card game; an optical device that detects movements of the cards relative to the card reading direction; and a card entry/exit restriction unit provided in the opening. The card entry/exit restriction unit restricts the entry or exit of any of the cards when the cards are improperly withdrawn from the opening.

A suit and a rank are printed on one surface of a card base sheet, a back pattern is printed on a back surface, an intermediate layer having a black layer or a color layer similar to black is provided on the card base sheet to make transmission of visible rays difficult, and ink containing no carbon is used for printing the suit and the rank, and thus the intermediate layer prevents the transmission of the visible rays from the back surface and the suit and the rank printed with the ink containing no carbon transmit infrared rays, such that it is difficult for both the visible rays and the infrared rays to distinguish the suit and the rank from the back surface, and one set or a plurality of sets of decks are constituted by individual cards cut from the card base sheet by a cutting machine.

A fraud detection system which detects fraud in a game of performing collection and redemption of chips in accordance with a win or lose result includes a camera which captures an image of chips contained in a chip tray of a dealer, an image analyzing apparatus which analyses the image captured by the camera to detect an amount of the chips contained in the chip tray, a card distribution device which determines a win or lose result of a game, and a control device which compares the win or lose result of the game and the amount of the chips contained in the chip tray before and after collection and redemption of the chips to detect fraud.

A system includes a card shoe that includes a housing for housing cards and an opening through which the housed cards can be drawn. The system includes a computer to detect whether there is any of the following predefined arrangements: (1) for each of a predefined number of consecutively drawn cards, the respective rank of the respective card is larger or smaller by one than an immediately preceding one of the cards drawn from the card housing; (2) a respective rank of each of a predefined number of consecutively drawn cards is the same; (3) a respective suit of each of a predefined number of consecutively drawn cards is the same; or (4) a same sequence in which a predefined number of the cards are consecutively drawn is repeated.

A security-enhanced document includes a substrate and variable indicia comprising ink having a signal. The variable indicia is of a specific type and is applied to the substrate using a specific application technique. At least one other printed portion, which is a back of the document, has background ink noise, and the type of ink of the back of the document is of the same type of ink applied to the substrate using the same application technique as the ink of the variable indicia. The document also includes a scratch-off-coating applied over the variable indicia. The document has a signal-to-noise ratio of the ink of the variable indicia relative to the background ink noise of the back of the document that is not appreciable, thereby making the variable indicia unreadable with reference to the back of the document when the scratch-off-coating remains intact.