The present invention relates to evaporation apparatus (100) comprising manifolds provided with at least one nozzle (102), a tank unit (103) for a liquid, and a sample holder configured to be inserted into the tank unit. The sample holder is configured to hold at least one sample in a defined position relative the at least one nozzle a control unit (104) an inlet port (105) configured to be connected to a gas supply, a pressure regulator (106) arranged downstream the inlet port (105). A set value of the pressure regulator (106) is controlled by the control unit (104), a control valve (107) arranged downstream the pressure regulator (106), wherein each of the at least one manifold (101a-d) is connected to a corresponding output port of the control valve. The control valve is controlled by the control unit (104), and the control unit is configured to set the set value of the pressure regulator to a value that causes a predetermined gas flow from each of the at least one nozzle.

A method for circulating hot air in a solar desalination system includes providing a desalination structure having an air flow path defined between an external surface layer and an internal surface layer. A return flow conduit provides an internal fluid flow path. Saline water is pumped through a center column in a direction from the base towards the peak. The saline water is delivered through a nozzle that extends through a sidewall of the center column to provide a mist within the desalination structure exterior of the center column. An air flow within the air flow path is heated to form a hot air supply. The mist is heated with the hot air supply to form an evaporated fluid. A diverted portion of the hot air supply is delivered into the return flow conduit and mixed with an ambient air to form and heat the air flow.

A method for thermal separation of a substance flowing into a treatment chamber by use of a separation apparatus includes a vessel and a heating device. The vessel has a vessel wall with an inner surface enclosing a treatment chamber of a length l.sub.c, a height H and a width W. The vessel includes at least one substance inlet and at least one first outlet and at least one second outlet for non-evaporable and evaporable parts, respectively. The heating device is arranged outside the treatment chamber and a rotary mechanism includes a rotatable axle arranged within the treatment chamber directed along the treatment chamber's length h and a mixing device of radial diameter d.sub.md and axial length I.sub.md fixed to the rotatable axle and extending perpendicular to the rotatable axle. The method includes: A. heating the inner surface (la) by use of the heating device to transfer thermal energy to a minimum peripheral volume (V.sub.p) of the treatment chamber confined between the mixing device and the inner surface (la), B. rotating the rotary mechanism by use of a rotary drive operably fixed to the rotatable axle to a peripheral rotation velocity (v.sub.p) measured at a radial outer boundary of the mixing device's which exceeds a minimum peripheral rotation velocity (v.sub.p,mm) of 5 meters per second, C. feeding the substance into the treatment chamber through the at least one substance inlet using a feeding device, wherein the substance includes two or more components, where at least one of the components is evaporable at an evaporation temperature (T.sub.e), and D. adjusting at least one of an input power of the heating device, the flow of the substance fed into at least one of the at least one substance inlet, an input power of the rotary drive and an output flow of a non-evaporated part of the substance released from the at least one first outlet, such that a total thermal energy transferred into at least part of the minimum peripheral volume (V.sub.p) results in an operational temperature (T.sub.op) that exceeds the evaporation temperature (T.sub.e) during operation, and wherein the amount of thermal energy transferred into the part of the minimum peripheral volume (V.sub.p) by the heating device constitutes more than 60% of the total thermal energy transferred.

Processes and systems suitable for purifying or otherwise treating liquids to remove contaminants therein, including but not limited to contaminated water, to permit reclaiming, recycling, and reuse of the liquids. Such a process and system entails the use of a cascading distillation system that evaporates a liquid from the feedstock and then condenses and collects a more purified form of the liquid. The cascading distillation system can be operated to selectively process the feedstock through any of a series of vessels at which different amounts and/or contaminants may be removed from the feedstock.

An improved vaporizer part, such as an evaporator element of a disinfection device is for an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide. The evaporator element includes one, and/or a branching, meandering structure, in which the straight sections of the groove are joined by 180-degree meanders near edges of the evaporator element. An end pit with an overflow guard is for overflown liquid. Heating elements are used both in connection with the evaporator element to enhance evaporation and on the inner surfaces of the device to prevent condensation. An air blower creates desired vortices near the surface of the evaporator element. The air control element also makes the air flow more laminar. The actual travel of the liquid on the evaporator element functions gravitationally on an inclined surface, and the capillary effect increases the evaporating area of the liquid. A disinfection device includes the vaporizer part.

A sewage treatment machine comprising: a closed container inside which the liquid to be treated is brought to boil; a vacuum-generating apparatus, which is adapted to maintain the inside of the closed container at a given pressure having a value lower than the environmental/external pressure; a heat-pump assembly which is associated to the closed container so as to be able to transfer heat to the liquid present on the bottom of the closed container, thus to bring said liquid to boil, and simultaneously remove heat from the vapours that reach the top of the closed container, thus to condense the vapour and obtain a distilled liquid, and which contains a refrigerant fluid comprising one or more gases of the family of the hydrofluoroolefins in a percentage greater than 3%.

A wastewater processing method includes introducing wastewater into an upper region of a chamber. The chamber remains at substantially atmospheric pressure. A portion of the wastewater in the chamber is vaporized. Flame is introduced into the chamber and provides for the ignition of a volatile organic compound. The vaporized portion of the wastewater is vented to the atmosphere.

An evaporation system for spray evaporating undesired water comprising: a first pump, a container comprising a sump, a second pump, a spray manifold comprising a spray nozzle, a packing system disposed within the container, a third pump, and an air system comprising an air blower and an air preheater is disclosed. An outlet of a water inlet is connected to an inlet of the first pump. A first portion of a ceiling of the container is constituted by a demister element such that the first portion of the ceiling is entirely configured as an outlet for evaporated water. A second portion of the ceiling is adjacent to an upper edge of a wall of the container. An outlet of the first pump is connected to an inlet of the container. An inlet of a draw line is disposed in the sump; and an outlet of the draw line is connected to an inlet of the second pump. An outlet of the second pump is connected to an inlet of the spray manifold. The spray nozzle discharges water droplets onto the packing system. An inlet of the third pump is connected to an outlet of the sump. An outlet of the third pump is connected to a discharge outlet. The air system is disposed through the wall of the container; and the air system discharges air flow counter to and/or crossways to the water droplets from the spray nozzle. A method of using the evaporation system is also disclosed.

Systems and methods for operating a water recovery system are described and include activating a condenser of the water recovery system. The method includes measuring a temperature associated with the condenser based on data obtained from a condenser temperature sensor. The method includes comparing the temperature associated with the condenser to a maximum threshold temperature. The method includes activating an auxiliary condenser of the water recovery system in response to the temperature associated with the condenser being greater than the maximum threshold temperature.

In a method for evaporating a non-gaseous starting material, the starting material is introduced into an evaporation chamber; an evaporation element heats the starting material to create a vapor; a conveying gas flow transports the vapor through a conveying channel and past a sensor, which measures the concentration or partial pressure of the vapor in the gas flow flowing through the conveying channel; and the mass flow of the vapor through the conveying channel is controlled by varying the conveying gas flow with respect to a setpoint value. To keep the vapor flow largely constant over time, a compensating gas flow is fed into the conveying channel at a mixing point disposed between the evaporator and the sensor. A second mass flow controller controls the mass flow of the compensating gas flow such that, when the conveying gas flow varies, the gas flow flowing past the sensor remains constant.