The present disclosure relates generally to processes for separating an effluent in an acetic acid production unit. Accordingly, one aspect of the disclosure provides a process including transferring at least a portion of a carbonylation reaction effluent to the bottom section of a tank, evaporating at least a portion of the effluent to form a vapour fraction, spraying a spray liquid onto a porous demister surface of a demister section of the tank, collecting and returning a liquid fraction of the effluent from at least one chimney tray in the tank to a fractionation section or the bottom section of the tank, and withdrawing from a top section of the tank at least a portion of the vapour fraction, the vapour fraction comprising acetic acid, the vapour fraction having been passed from the bottom section through the fractionation section, and then through one or more chimneys of the at least one chimney tray, and then through the spray section, and then through the porous demister surface of the demister section.

The present disclosure relates generally to processes for separating an effluent in an acetic acid production unit. Accordingly, one aspect of the disclosure provides a process including transferring at least a portion of a carbonylation reaction effluent to the bottom section of a tank, evaporating at least a portion of the effluent to form a vapour fraction, spraying a spray liquid onto a porous demister surface of a demister section of the tank, collecting and returning a liquid fraction of the effluent from at least one chimney tray in the tank to a fractionation section or the bottom section of the tank, and withdrawing from a top section of the tank at least a portion of the vapour fraction, the vapour fraction comprising acetic acid, the vapour fraction having been passed from the bottom section through the fractionation section, and then through one or more chimneys of the at least one chimney tray, and then through the spray section, and then through the porous demister surface of the demister section.

Provided are a method for producing an organic substance and an apparatus for producing an organic substance that are capable of efficiently cooling a synthesis gas and converting the synthesis gas to an organic substance at a high conversion efficiency using a microbial catalyst. A method for producing an organic substance includes a step of passing a synthesis gas G1 discharged from a gasifier 2 through a heat exchanger 20 to cool the synthesis gas G1, a step of passing the synthesis gas G1 cooled with the heat exchanger 20 through a gas cooling tower 21 to cool the synthesis gas G1 with water sprayed in the gas cooling tower 21 and a step of bringing the synthesis gas G1 that has passed through at least the heat exchanger 20 and the gas cooling tower 21 into contact with a microbial catalyst to generate an organic substance.

The present invention provides a process for producing hydrogen iodide. The process includes providing a vapor-phase reactant stream comprising hydrogen and iodine and reacting the reactant stream in the presence of a catalyst to produce a product stream comprising hydrogen iodide. The catalyst includes at least one selected from the group of nickel, cobalt, iron, nickel oxide, cobalt oxide, and iron oxide. The catalyst is supported on a support.

A distributor (100), a falling film evaporator and a refrigerating system. The distributor includes: a sprayer (110), the top of the sprayer being connected to a falling film evaporator inlet (230), and the bottom of the sprayer being provided with spray holes (111); and an orifice plate (120) disposed at a lower end of the sprayer and provided with multiple distribution holes (121), wherein a centrifugal gas-liquid separating element is disposed in the sprayer and is configured to separate a refrigerant entering the sprayer through the evaporator inlet into a gas phase and a liquid phase. In the distributor, the centrifugal gas-liquid separating element is disposed in the sprayer, so that a two-phase refrigerant entering the sprayer through the evaporator inlet can be better separated under dual effects of the gravity and the centrifugal force.

A wastewater processing method includes introducing wastewater into an upper region of a chamber. The chamber remains at substantially atmospheric pressure. A portion of the wastewater in the chamber is vaporized. Flame is introduced into the chamber and provides for the ignition of a volatile organic compound. The vaporized portion of the wastewater is vented to the atmosphere.

A wastewater processing method includes introducing wastewater into an upper region of a chamber. The chamber remains at substantially atmospheric pressure. A portion of the wastewater in the chamber is vaporized. Flame is introduced into the chamber and provides for the ignition of a volatile organic compound. The vaporized portion of the wastewater is vented to the atmosphere.

An evaporation system for spray evaporating undesired water comprising: a first pump, a container comprising a sump, a second pump, a spray manifold comprising a spray nozzle, a packing system disposed within the container, a third pump, and an air system comprising an air blower and an air preheater is disclosed. An outlet of a water inlet is connected to an inlet of the first pump. A first portion of a ceiling of the container is constituted by a demister element such that the first portion of the ceiling is entirely configured as an outlet for evaporated water. A second portion of the ceiling is adjacent to an upper edge of a wall of the container. An outlet of the first pump is connected to an inlet of the container. An inlet of a draw line is disposed in the sump; and an outlet of the draw line is connected to an inlet of the second pump. An outlet of the second pump is connected to an inlet of the spray manifold. The spray nozzle discharges water droplets onto the packing system. An inlet of the third pump is connected to an outlet of the sump. An outlet of the third pump is connected to a discharge outlet. The air system is disposed through the wall of the container; and the air system discharges air flow counter to and/or crossways to the water droplets from the spray nozzle. A method of using the evaporation system is also disclosed.

A method and apparatus for recovering distilled water from wastewater. The method and apparatus evaporates water vapor from a wastewater stream into a moving airflow, collects collecting distilled water from the water vapor, and powers the moving airflow and the collecting distilled water with a thermoelectric generator. The apparatus includes a self-regenerative distillation unit, with an evaporating channel, a condensing channel, and a distilled water outlet. The thermoelectric generator includes a hot shoe side in combination with the wastewater stream, and a cold shoe side in combination with the distilled water outlet. The thermoelectric generator powers a fan or blower connected to the evaporating channel and/or a water pump connected to the distilled water outlet.

The invention relates to 100% renewably-powered desalination/water purification stations for universal applications, the station is disruptive, scalable, amphibious and deportable to seawater, brackish or spill oil sites for simple wave-powered and autonomous operations, the station has a mooring assembly with pumping-purification-delivery subsystems powered by wave and solar energies, the pumping subsystems has the simplest, most efficient wave push/pull pump mechanisms powered by amplified wave centrifugal forces , the mechanical purifications has turbine filters, reverse-osmosis filters, forward-osmosis filters and relief valves to backwash buildups without releasing brine, release water through collecting spill oil, the solar thermal purifications are provided with distilling processes under vaccine conditions, the delivery subsystems with wave turbines and solar panels for generating electricity, propellering and transferring the stations for delivering fresh waters to destinations under GPS guide with the lowest LCOW.