An extracting apparatus includes: a first phase transition section that causes a phase transition of an extraction solvent from a gas to a liquid; a second phase transition section that causes a phase transition of the extraction solvent from a liquid to a gas; a treatment tank that stores a treated material, and receives an inflow of the extraction solvent that has been liquefied in the first phase transition section; a first valve that is provided between the second phase transition section and the treatment tank; and a second valve that is provided between the first phase transition section and the treatment tank. The second phase transition section is connected with a recovery valve.

The present invention provides for methods of obtaining an extract of Cannabis plant material as well as subsequent processing of the extract to provide a concentrate of Cannabis. The present invention also provides for pharmaceutical dosage forms (e.g., oral thin films and transdermal patches) that include the concentrate (or extract) of Cannabis, as well as methods of medical treatment that include administering the pharmaceutical dosage forms.

A method for upgrading a petroleum feedstock using a supercritical water petroleum upgrading system includes introducing the petroleum feedstock, water and an auxiliary feedstock. The method includes operating the system to combine the petroleum feedstock and the water to form a mixed petroleum feedstock and introducing separately and simultaneously into a lower portion of an upflowing supercritical water reactor. The auxiliary feedstock is introduced such that a portion of a fluid contained within the upflowing reactor located proximate to the bottom does not lack fluid momentum. An embodiment of the method includes operating the supercritical water petroleum upgrading system such that the upflowing reactor product fluid is introduced into an upper portion of a downflowing supercritical water reactor. The supercritical water petroleum upgrading system includes the upflowing supercritical water reactor and optionally a downflowing supercritical water reactor.

The present invention provides for methods of obtaining an extract of Cannabis plant material as well as subsequent processing of the extract to provide a concentrate of Cannabis. The present invention also provides for pharmaceutical dosage forms (e.g., oral thin films and transdermal patches) that include the concentrate (or extract) of Cannabis, as well as methods of medical treatment that include administering the pharmaceutical dosage forms.

A method for continuous exchange of material includes countercurrent contacting of a first fluid phase and a second fluid phase that are not completely miscible. The contacting is carried out in a single centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) apparatus into which only the first and second fluid phases introduced. The apparatus includes a plurality of cells, each with a stationary phase immobilized and a mobile phase passing through the stationary phase. The following steps are carried out successively: a) the mobile phase is formed by the first fluid phase, and the stationary phase immobilized in the cells is formed by the second fluid phase; b) the mobile phase is formed by the second fluid phase, and the stationary phase immobilized in the cells is formed by the first fluid phase; c) repetition of the succession of steps a) and b) each step being carried out immediately after the preceding step.

The present invention provides for methods of obtaining an extract of Cannabis plant material as well as subsequent processing of the extract to provide a concentrate of Cannabis. The present invention also provides for pharmaceutical dosage forms (e.g., oral thin films and transdermal patches) that include the concentrate (or extract) of Cannabis, as well as methods of medical treatment that include administering the pharmaceutical dosage forms.

The present invention provides for methods of obtaining an extract of Cannabis plant material as well as subsequent processing of the extract to provide a concentrate of Cannabis. The present invention also provides for pharmaceutical dosage forms (e.g., oral thin films and transdermal patches) that include the concentrate (or extract) of Cannabis, as well as methods of medical treatment that include administering the pharmaceutical dosage forms.

The present disclosure provides fluorinated crown ethers. The fluorinated crown ethers have one or more pendant fluorinated groups (e.g., thioether groups with a terminal fluorinated group). The fluorinated crown ethers have desirable solubility in supercritical carbon dioxide. Also provided are methods and systems for removal of lithium (e.g., lithium ions) from aqueous samples using the fluorinated crown ethers coupled with lipophilic cation exchangers.

An extraction system for obtaining oils and other constituents from raw botanical materials includes an array of separation chambers for fractionalized recovery of dissolved constituents in a supercritical solvent fluid. Collection of the dissolved constituents is facilitated with a pressure-stable collection vessel that is adaptable to sequentially collect precipitate from the array of separation chambers.

A method for upgrading a petroleum feedstock using a supercritical water petroleum upgrading system includes introducing the petroleum feedstock, water and an auxiliary feedstock. The method includes operating the system to combine the petroleum feedstock and the water to form a mixed petroleum feedstock and introducing separately and simultaneously into a lower portion of an upflowing supercritical water reactor. The auxiliary feedstock is introduced such that a portion of a fluid contained within the upflowing reactor located proximate to the bottom does not lack fluid momentum. An embodiment of the method includes operating the supercritical water petroleum upgrading system such that the upflowing reactor product fluid is introduced into an upper portion of a downflowing supercritical water reactor. The supercritical water petroleum upgrading system includes the upflowing supercritical water reactor and optionally a downflowing supercritical water reactor.