A method includes receiving, in a first vessel, a flow of fluid from a second vessel, wherein the flow of fluid is generated by pressurizing a head space over the fluid in the second vessel; capturing the flow of fluid from the second vessel at an upper end of a de-bubbling slide in the first vessel; and directing the flow of fluid along a flow surface of de-bubbling slide to a lower portion of the first vessel, such that bubbles and dissolved gases in the fluid exit the fluid on the flow surface of the de-bubbling slide.

An annular axial mixing system for combined gas and liquid flow. The system includes a gas-liquid separator to separate a multiphase gas and liquid into a gas flow and a liquid flow. A lower leg in communication with the gas-liquid separator is configured to receive liquid flow. An upper leg in communication with the gas-liquid separator is configured to receive gas flow. An annular mixing chamber receives gas from the upper leg. A static liquid chamber, at least a portion of which is within the mixing chamber, is in communication with the lower leg and includes perforations therein to receive gas bubbles from the gas in the annular mixing section chamber in order to mix the flows.

A separation apparatus for separating constituents from effluent. The separation apparatus includes a gas diffuser, a hopper, and a tank. The gas diffuser includes an inlet inner tube for receiving effluent from a well. The hopper is disposed at least partially below the gas diffuser, and the tank is connected to the hopper. The gas diffuser is configured so that gas in the effluent is released from the effluent and into the atmosphere before the effluent enters the hopper. The hopper is configured so that liquid effluent in the hopper spills over a top portion of the hopper and into the tank.

This invention relates to a liquid degassing means, and method of operation. The means comprises a tank, the tank having one or more baffle(s) within the body of the tank, with at least one baffle defining a first and second region. The first region houses relatively turbulent conditions compared to the second region. There is a both a gas transfer gap and a liquid transfer gap, allowing the transmission of fluid from the first to second regions. An inlet introduced the mixture to be degassed to an antechamber, with the fluid travelling onwards to the first region, and then through the gas and liquid transfer gaps to the second region. A first outlet allows for the degassed liquid to leave the tank, and a second outlet allows for the purged gas mixture to also leave the tank. Sensors and complementary control units allow for better operation of the unit.

A fluid handling structure for a lithographic apparatus configured to contain immersion fluid to a region, the fluid handling structure having, at a boundary of a space: at least one gas knife opening in a radially outward direction of the space; and at least one gas supply opening in the radially outward direction of the at least gas knife opening relative to the space. The gas knife opening and the gas supply opening both provide substantially pure CO.sub.2 gas so as to provide a substantially pure CO.sub.2 gas environment adjacent to, and radially outward of, the space.

A blood purification apparatus includes a blood circuit, a dialyzer capable of purifying the blood flowing through the blood circuit, a blood pump provided to an arterial blood circuit and that delivers the blood in the blood circuit, and an air-trap chamber capable of collecting air in the blood flowing through the blood circuit. A peristaltic pump (a substitution-fluid-infusion device) that is capable of infusing a substitution fluid is connected to the air-trap chamber. A substitution fluid layer is formable on a blood layer in the air-trap chamber. The air-trap chamber is provided with a blood-interface-detecting device that is capable of detecting an interface between the blood layer and the substitution fluid layer that are formed in the air-trap chamber. A lack of substitution fluid in the air-trap chamber is detectable on the basis of the interface between the blood layer and the substitution fluid layer that is detected by the blood-interface-detecting device.

A bottom chamber of a stripper (or bottom liquid holder) including a vortex breaker, a blocking plate and a guiding plate. A stripper, a urea HP stripper, a urea plant, a method for operating a stripper and a method for producing a solid, particulate urea-based composition.

A separation apparatus for separating constituents from effluent. The separation apparatus includes a gas diffuser, a hopper, and a tank. The gas diffuser includes an inlet inner tube for receiving effluent from a well. The hopper is disposed at least partially below the gas diffuser, and the tank is connected to the hopper. The gas diffuser is configured so that gas in the effluent is released from the effluent and into the atmosphere before the effluent enters the hopper. The hopper is configured so that liquid effluent in the hopper spills over a top portion of the hopper and into the tank.

A de-bubbling slide is configured to fit in a dispensing vessel and capture, with a receiving element, a flow of fluid into the dispensing vessel from a fluid inlet. The receiving element of the de-bubbling slide directs the flow of fluid to a flow surface of the de-bubbling slide from which gas dissolved in the flow of fluid, or bubbles in the flow of fluid, escape from the fluid. Openings in an upper surface of the de-bubbling slide allow the escaped gas to exit the de-bubbling slide.

A separation apparatus for separating constituents from effluent. The separation apparatus includes a gas diffuser, a hopper, and a tank. The gas diffuser includes an inlet inner tube for receiving effluent from a well. The hopper is disposed at least partially below the gas diffuser, and the tank is connected to the hopper. The gas diffuser is configured so that gas in the effluent is released from the effluent and into the atmosphere before the effluent enters the hopper. The hopper is configured so that liquid effluent in the hopper spills over a top portion of the hopper and into the tank.