A method is disclosed in which a gas of hydrogen and nitrogen, or hydrogen and ammonia, or hydrogen, nitrogen, and ammonia, is introduced to a fluidized bed. The gas flows through the fluidized bed, and titanium dioxide particles are introduced to the fluidized bed to form a fluid mixture of the particles and gas in the fluidized bed. The particles are reacted with the gas in the fluid mixture to form particles including titanium dioxide and nitrogen. The particles can be disposed along an air flow path in operative communication with a light source for air treatment.

An object of the present invention is to provide an exhaust gas purification catalyst having improved exhaust gas purifying performance (in particular, improved NOx purifying performance) at low to medium temperature, and, in order to achieve the object, the present invention provides an exhaust gas purification catalyst (10A) including: a substrate (20); and a catalyst layer (30 or 40) formed on the substrate (20), wherein the catalyst layer (30 or 40) contains rhodium element, phosphorus element and a rare earth element other than cerium element, wherein a ratio of a mass of the phosphorus element contained in the catalyst layer (30 or 40) to the mass of the rhodium element contained in the catalyst layer (30 or 40) is from 1 to 10, and wherein a ratio of a mass of the rare earth element other than cerium element in terms of an oxide thereof contained in the catalyst layer (30 or 40) to the mass of the rhodium element contained in the catalyst layer (30 or 40) is from 1 to 5.

A carbon-coated nickel oxide nanocomposite material, its preparation, and application thereof are provided. The nanocomposite material contains carbon-coated nickel oxide nanoparticles having a core-shell structure including an outer shell that is a graphitized carbon film optionally doped with nitrogen and an inner core comprising nickel oxide nanoparticle(s). The nanocomposite material has a carbon content of from greater than 0 wt % to not greater than about 5 wt %, based on the weight of the nanocomposite material.

A muffler includes a muffler housing having an exhaust gas inlet port adapted for securing to an exhaust pipe of an automobile so that exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine of the automobile are directed through the muffler housing from the exhaust gas inlet to an exhaust gas outlet. The muffler housing includes a plurality of rigid surfaces that form an exhaust gas pathway including a plurality of turns and lead from the exhaust gas inlet port to the exhaust gas outlet port. A photocatalyst coating is secured to an area of the rigid surfaces, and a light source is secured to the muffler housing and positioned to direct light onto the photocatalyst coating. The exhaust gases come into contact with the photocatalyst coating and reactive species generated by the photocatalyst coating decompose one or more pollutants in the exhaust gas.

A method is disclosed in which a gas of hydrogen and nitrogen, or hydrogen and ammonia, or hydrogen, nitrogen, and ammonia, is introduced to a fluidized bed. The gas flows through the fluidized bed, and titanium dioxide particles are introduced to the fluidized bed to form a fluid mixture of the particles and gas in the fluidized bed. The particles are reacted with the gas in the fluid mixture to form particles including titanium dioxide and nitrogen. The particles can be disposed along an air flow path in operative communication with a light source for air treatment.

An exhaust purification device includes an adding valve that adds an additive to exhaust gas. A first partition plate includes a first hole-formation region, which includes a main flow hole extending through a central portion and sub-flow holes surrounding the main flow hole, and a first hole-free region surrounding the first hole-formation region. A second partition plate located at a downstream side of the first partition plate includes a second hole-free region, which includes a portion overlapping the main flow hole, and a second hole-formation region surrounding the second hole-free region. An injector injects the additive in a circumferential direction of the first hole-free region from a position opposing the first hole-free region in the extending direction and opposing a projection of the first hole-formation region in a cross-sectional direction.

The invention relates to a conveyor unit for conveying a liquid, comprising a distributor block made of plastic for the liquid-conducting connection of at least one component for conveying the liquid, the distributor block comprising at least one metallic clamping element which encloses the distributor block at least in some regions on the outside.

Provided is a nitrogen oxide (NO.sub.X) reduction catalyst including an active site including at least one of a metal vanadate expressed by [Chemical Formula 1] and a metal vanadate expressed by [Chemical Formula 2], and a support for loading the active site thereon.
(M.sub.1).sub.XV.sub.2O.sub.X+5  [Chemical Formula 1] (where M.sub.1 denotes one selected from among manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), and nickel (Ni), and X denotes a real number having a value between 1 and 3.)
(M.sub.2).sub.YVO.sub.4  [Chemical Formula 2] (where M.sub.2 denotes one selected from among lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), neodymium (Nd), promethium (Pm), samarium (Sm), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), terbium (Tb), dysprosium (Dy), holmium (Ho), erbium (Er), thulium (Tm), ytterbium (Yb), and lutetium (Lu), and Y denotes a real number having a value between 0.5 and 1.5).

Catalysts, catalytic materials, catalytic forms, methods for preparation the same, methods for using the same in catalytic combustion processes, and methods and systems for conducting such combustion processes are provided.

A nano-functionalized support (1) comprises an application surface (2) and a photocatalytic nanoparticle coating (3) deposited on the application surface (2). The photocatalytic nanoparticle coating (3) comprises titanium dioxide doped with a nitrogen-containing doping agent.