Ceramic candle filter and use of the filter in the removal of particulate matter in form of soot, ash, metals and metal compounds, together with hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides being present in process off-gas or engine exhaust gas, the filter comprises a combined SCR and oxidation catalyst arranged at least on the dispersion side and/or within wall of the filter, the combined SCR and oxidation catalyst comprises palladium, a vanadium oxide and titania.

A method of selectively catalysing the reduction of oxides of nitrogen (NO.sub.x) including nitrogen monoxide in an exhaust gas of a stationary source of NO.sub.x emissions also containing oxides of sulfur (SO.sub.x) comprising the steps of passively oxidising nitrogen monoxide to nitrogen dioxide (NO.sub.2) over an oxidation catalyst comprising a platinum group metal so that a NO.sub.2/NO.sub.x content is from 40-60%; introducing a nitrogenous reductant into the exhaust gas; and contacting exhaust gas having the 40-60% NO.sub.2/NO.sub.x content and containing the nitrogenous reductant with a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst comprising an aluminosilicate zeolite promoted with copper.

Centralizing the handling and manipulating of vaporization medium to a single subsystem that supplies multiple ammonia vaporizers allows for efficient and effective production of a corresponding vaporized ammonia stream containing a controlled quantity of ammonia. These vaporized ammonia streams can then be used in conjunction with ammonia-consuming devices to reduce NOx in NOx-containing exhaust streams from multiple furnaces.

A mixed salt composition adapted for use as a sorbent for carbon dioxide removal from a gaseous stream is provided, the composition being in solid form and including magnesium oxide, an alkali metal carbonate, and an alkali metal nitrate, wherein the composition has a molar excess of magnesium characterized by a Mg:X atomic ratio of at least about 3:1, wherein X is the alkali metal. A process for preparing the mixed salt is also provided, the process including mixing a magnesium salt with a solution comprising alkali metal ions, carbonate ions, and nitrate ions to form a slurry or colloid including a solid mixed salt including magnesium carbonate; separating the solid mixed salt from the slurry or colloid to form a wet cake; drying the wet cake to form a dry cake including the solid mixed salt; and calcining the dry cake to form a mixed salt sorbent.

A mixed raw material producing method for producing a mixed raw material includes preparing a glass raw material and an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide; causing the aqueous solution to absorb carbon dioxide gas, to deposit sodium hydrogen carbonate in the aqueous solution; and mixing the sodium hydrogen carbonate with the glass raw material, to obtain a mixed raw material to be charged into a melting furnace.

The invention pertains to processes for separating gases, acid gas, hydrocarbons, air gases, or combinations thereof. The processes may employ using a liquid phase cloud point with or without subsequent liquid-liquid separation. In some embodiments membranes can be employed with reverse osmosis to regenerate a solvent and/or an antisolvent. In some embodiments thermal switching phase changes may be employed during absorption or desorption to facilitate separation.

Centralizing the handling and manipulating of vaporization medium to a single subsystem that supplies multiple ammonia vaporizers allows for efficient and effective production of a corresponding vaporized ammonia stream containing a controlled quantity of ammonia. These vaporized ammonia streams can then be used in conjunction with ammonia-consuming devices to reduce NOx in NOx-containing exhaust streams from multiple furnaces.

The invention pertains to processes for separating gases, acid gas, hydrocarbons, air gases, or combinations thereof. The processes may employ using a liquid phase cloud point with or without subsequent liquid-liquid separation. In some embodiments membranes can be employed with reverse osmosis to regenerate a solvent and/or an antisolvent. In some embodiments thermal switching phase changes may be employed during absorption or desorption to facilitate separation.

An apparatus and process for use of an alkaline reagent (e.g. sodium hydroxide, NaOH, potassium hydroxide, KOH, etc.) to facilitate removal of carbon dioxide (CO2) from flue gas output from a glass melting operation. The CO2 removed from the flue gas can be in carbonates formed in the reaction of the reagent with the flue gas, which can be used in glass melting operations. A portion of the flue gas can also be liquefied in some embodiments to produce a liquefied CO2 stream for other uses. In some embodiments, a portion of the carbonate generated from the CO2 removal process can be heated (e.g. in an indirect heat exchange process) to liberate the CO2 for feeding the liberated CO2 to a liquefaction process while a resultant oxide formed via the CO2 liberation can be hydrolyzed to regenerate the alkaline reagent for subsequent use in the CO2 removal process.

Glass melting process including the introduction of a vitrifiable solid charge into a furnace, heating and melting of charge thereby obtaining molten glass. Discharging the molten glass from the furnace and discharging a CO.sub.2-containing gaseous effluent from the furnace. The charge having at least one carbonate undergoing a dissociation reaction and releasing gaseous CO.sub.2 when heated and melted. The gaseous effluent discharged from the furnace being used to produce, at least one additive in the form of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal carbonate, at least a part of which is incorporated in the charge which is introduced into the furnace.