Devices, methods, and systems for producing a concentrated feed stream and a diluted feed stream using a solute stream provided to the low pressure side of the semi-permeable membrane during a reverse osmosis process. The process includes providing a semipermeable membrane having a first side and a second side and introducing a first feed solution stream on the first side of the membrane and a second feed solution stream on the second side, wherein the osmotic pressure of the of the first feed solution stream is greater than or equal to the osmotic pressure of the second feed solution stream. The process further includes exerting hydrostatic pressure on the first side of the membrane such that solvent passes from the first side to the second side thereby producing a concentrated first feed solution stream and a diluted second feed solution stream. Devices and systems for performing the processes are provided.

A reverse osmosis water system including a housing, a reverse osmosis cartridge, an unfiltered waterline, and a blend waterline. The housing includes an inlet and an outlet. A medial waterline transports pretreated water to the reverse osmosis cartridge. An unfiltered waterline includes a flow restrictor. A blend waterline transports a blended water mixture to the outlet. The blended waterline receives filtered water at a first flowrate from the medial waterline and unfiltered water at a second flowrate downstream of the flow restrictor. The flow restrictor provides the second flowrate at a substantially equal rate to the first flowrate.

A water purifier and a filter for the water purifier are provided. The water purifier includes a raw water flow path formed to bring in raw water from the outside, a purified water flow path connected to the raw water flow path for the raw water to flow in a first direction, a filter located in the purified water flow path to filter the raw water, a bypass flow path branched from the purified water flow path for the raw water to bypass the filter and connected to the purified water flow path on a downstream side of the filter in the first direction, a washing flow path branched from the bypass flow path and connected to the purified water flow path on a downstream side of the filter in the first direction, and a drain flow path connected to the filter to guide the raw water flowing into the filter to a second direction. The filter includes a raw water inlet through which raw water flowing in the first direction is introduced, a purified water outlet through which purified water filtered is released, and a drain outlet through which wash water having washed the filter is discharged.

Equipment, systems, processes and techniques for conducting processing of solutions are described. The techniques can be applied to provide diluted solution (i.e. purified solvent), concentrate solution or each. A variety of specific equipment, example systems and processes are depicted and described.

Equipment, systems, processes and techniques for conducting processing of solutions are described. The techniques can be applied to provide diluted solution (i.e. purified solvent), concentrate solution or each. A variety of specific equipment, example systems and processes are depicted and described.

Provided is a novel Nanofiltration-DiaNanofiltration (NF-DiaNF) system and method for extracting divalent ions from saline water (e.g., seawater) to produce solutions rich in divalent ions (in particular Mg2+, Ca2+ and SO42−), while minimizing the concentrations of undesirable species (e.g., Cl−, Br−, B and Na+). The solutions may be added to water (e.g., desalinated, soft, drinking or irrigation water) to enrich the water with divalent ions, thereby improving its quality.

An apparatus that treats salt-containing water by reverse osmosis, in which the salt-containing water is separated into a permeate stream and a concentrate stream, includes an inlet for the salt-containing water; an outlet for the permeate; an outlet for the concentrate, and a reverse osmosis device, wherein the inlet and the outlets are integrated into a base unit adapted for installation in a positionally fixed manner, and the reverse osmosis device is an exchangeable unit detachably connected to the base unit.

A water purifier and a filter for the water purifier are provided. The water purifier includes a raw water flow path formed to bring in raw water from the outside, a purified water flow path connected to the raw water flow path for the raw water to flow in a first direction, a filter located in the purified water flow path to filter the raw water, a bypass flow path branched from the purified water flow path for the raw water to bypass the filter and connected to the purified water flow path on a downstream side of the filter in the first direction, a washing flow path branched from the bypass flow path and connected to the purified water flow path on a downstream side of the filter in the first direction, and a drain flow path connected to the filter to guide the raw water flowing into the filter to a second direction. The filter includes a raw water inlet through which raw water flowing in the first direction is introduced, a purified water outlet through which purified water filtered is released, and a drain outlet through which wash water having washed the filter is discharged.

Provided is a novel Nanofiltration-DiaNanofiltration (NF-DiaNF) system and method for extracting divalent ions from saline water (e.g., seawater) to produce solutions rich in divalent ions (in particular Mg2+, Ca2+ and SO42), while minimizing the concentrations of undesirable species (e.g., Cl, Br, B and Na+). The solutions may be added to water (e.g., desalinated, soft, drinking or irrigation water) to enrich the water with divalent ions, thereby improving its quality.

The present invention relates to a process for the selective removal of nitrates from ground water using a hybrid nanofiltration (NF)reverse osmosis (RO) filtration system. The process generates product water that is low in nitrate and can be used for drinking, irrigation and other purposes, as well as waste water that is relatively low in salinity and can be safely discarded to sewage systems and recycled, e.g., for irrigation purposes.