Disclosed herein are systems and methods for treating air.

The invention concerns a set of tubular elastic coupling bodies arranged opposing at inlet and outlet of a filter cartridge.

The tubular elastic end coupling, comprises a tube end adapted to fit on the filter cartridge inlet/outlet. The elastic end coupling comprises one or more tubular fluid connections for conveying fluid to and from external means for fluid content separation purposes by said membrane filter cartridge.

The present invention relates to a device and to a method for producing dialysate, wherein the device comprises a first part and a second part designed as a circuit, wherein the first part comprises a water connection or a water container and the primary side of a filter, wherein the filter is designed to produce purified water from the water by forward osmosis, and wherein the second part comprises the secondary side of the filter, a reservoir, a filtrate line which leads from the secondary side of the filter to the reservoir, and a return line leading from the reservoir to the secondary side of the filter, wherein an electrodialysis unit comprising a diluate chamber and a concentrate chamber is further provided, wherein the concentrate chamber is fluidically connected to the secondary side of the filter.

A system comprises an electrodialysis apparatus, which includes first and second reservoirs, wherein a salt concentration in the first reservoir reduces below a threshold concentration and salt concentration in the second reservoir increases during an operation mode. A first electrode comprises a first solution of a first redox-active electrolyte material, and a second electrode comprises a second solution of a second redox-active electrolyte material. In a first reversible redox reaction between the first electrode and first electrolyte material at least one ion is accepted from the first reservoir, and in a second reversible redox reaction between the second electrode and second electrolyte material at least one ion is driven into the second reservoir. A first type of membrane is disposed between the first and second reservoirs, and a second type of membrane, different from the first type, is disposed between the respective electrodes and reservoirs.

The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for preparing dialyzate, wherein the apparatus has a first part and a second part that is configured as a circuit; wherein the first part comprises a water connection or a water container as well as the primary side of a filter; wherein the filter is configured to prepare purified water from the water through forward osmosis; and wherein the second part comprises the secondary side of the filter, a reservoir, a filtrate line that leads from the secondary side of the filter to the reservoir, and a line leading from the reservoir to the secondary side of the filter, with the reservoir being a container having means for connecting the container to a dialysis machine.

This document describes systems and methods for treating and recovering water from feed solutions using a membrane module that has a plurality of hollow fiber membranes encapsulated in a collection chamber and an expansion chamber that is connected to the outlet of the membrane module.

A system comprises an electrodialysis apparatus, which includes first and second reservoirs, wherein a salt concentration in the first reservoir reduces below a threshold concentration and salt concentration in the second reservoir increases during an operation mode. A first electrode comprises a first solution of a first redox-active electrolyte material, and a second electrode comprises a second solution of a second redox-active electrolyte material. In a first reversible redox reaction between the first electrode and first electrolyte material at least one ion is accepted from the first reservoir, and in a second reversible redox reaction between the second electrode and second electrolyte material at least one ion is driven into the second reservoir. A first type of membrane is disposed between the first and second reservoirs, and a second type of membrane, different from the first type, is disposed between the respective electrodes and reservoirs.

The invention relates to a dialysis cell for sample preparation for a chemical analysis method, in particular for ion chromatography. The dialysis cell comprises a donor channel and an acceptor channel extending parallel thereto. The donor channel and the acceptor channel are separated from each other by a selectively permeable dialysis membrane. In particular, an analyte that is dissolved in a donor solution in the donor channel can enter through the dialysis membrane into the acceptor solution in the acceptor channel. The acceptor channel has at least in some sections a volume that is smaller than the volume of the donor channel extending parallel thereto. Acceptor and donor channels are formed from half-cells, between which the dialysis membrane is arranged, wherein the donor channel and the acceptor channel are designed in each case as a recess in a contact surface of one of the half-cells with the dialysis membrane.

The present invention provides a method for hemodiafiltration which applies dialysate gradient across a multi-chambered hemodiafiltrator having a plurality of compartmentalized tubular dialysate chambers. An acidic dialysate with urea at a concentration is applied to a first dialysate chamber. A less acidic dialysate with a lower concentration of urea than those for the first dialysate chamber is applied to a second dialysate chamber. A basic dialysate with no urea but with ammonia at a concentration up to a concentration detected in normal human blood is applied to a last dialysate chamber. The concentrations of urea for the first and second dialysate chambers decrease over time to zero prior to conclusion of hemodiafiltration.

A system and method for producing high quality potable water by re-mineralization of desalinated water is provided. The retentate rejected from a nanofiltration unit becomes a source of mineral-rich divalent ions for mixing with the desalinated water being produced by a desalination unit, thereby reducing or eliminating the need for separate supply from outside sources of chemicals needed to obtain potable water that meets various drinking water standards. The nanofiltration unit may be located in a desalination upstream and/or downstream of the desalination unit, and the amount of flow of the nanofiltration retentate supplied to the re-mineralization unit relative to the amount of desalinated water flow may be adjusted to achieve the desired potable water quality.