A method for filtering a dairy product is used in a filter system that includes at least one pump loop having a pump and a filter, with the pump being arranged to feed a feed product to the filter for filtering the feed product and outputting a permeate product and a retentate product. The method includes supplying the feed product to the pump at a feed pressure, during a first operational mode in which the feed pressure is below a first predefined threshold, controlling the pump to operate at a first power that is within a first percentage range of a maximum rated power of the pump, and during a second operational mode in which the feed pressure is above the first predefined threshold, controlling the pump to operate within a second percentage range of the maximum rated power which is higher than the first percentage range.

This specification describes membrane based filtration and softening systems and methods. A system has a microfiltration or ultrafiltration (MF/UF) membrane unit upstream of a nanofiltration or reverse osmosis (NF/RO) membrane unit, optionally with no intermediate tank. In some cases, the system and method may be used with feed water provided at municipal line pressure to the membranes. NF/RO permeate is collected in a tank and then pumped to a header. Treated water may be drawn from the header for use or recycled to the system, for example to backwash or flush one or both of the membrane units. In a combined process, NF/RO permeate flushes the feed side of the NF/RO unit and then backwashes the MF/UF unit. In another process, the MF/UF unit and NF/RO unit are filled with NF/RO permeate before being placed in a standby mode.

This specification describes membrane based filtration and softening systems and methods. A system has a microfiltration or ultrafiltration (MF/UF) membrane unit upstream of a nanofiltration or reverse osmosis (NF/RO) membrane unit, optionally with no intermediate tank. In some cases, the system and method may be used with feed water provided at municipal line pressure to the membranes. NF/RO permeate is collected in a tank and then pumped to a header. Treated water may be drawn from the header for use or recycled to the system, for example to backwash or flush one or both of the membrane units. In a combined process, NF/RO permeate flushes the feed side of the NF/RO unit and then backwashes the MF/UF unit. In another process, the MF/UF unit and NF/RO unit are filled with NF/RO permeate before being placed in a standby mode.

The inventive system and method comprises one or more batch closed circuit desalination (CCD) unit(s) linked by conducting lines and valves means to a pressure exchange (PE) means, such that each said CCD can be engaged periodically with said PE means for brine replacement by fresh pressurized feed, thereby, enable a continuous consecutive sequential batch desalination under fixed flow and variable pressure conditions of low energy and high recovery of unchanged flux. The inventive system and method opens the door to large scale CCD systems operated by predetermined fixed set points of pressurized feed low, cross-flow or module recovery, and system recovery, independent of each other, of infinite operational combinations and high flexibility for effective process optimization. The inventive system and method overcome former volume requirement limitations of large scale SWRO CCD installations.

A valved raw liquid supply line, which is connected to a filtration unit including a liquid purification unit with an inlet and with outlets for purified liquid and drain liquid, a mixing device, a means for maintaining pressure, a means for maintaining a recirculating flow of liquid, which is located on a line supplying a mixture of raw liquid and concentrate upstream of the liquid purification unit, a recirculating line, a purified liquid line, a drain liquid line, and a control unit, which is connected to the means for maintaining pressure, pressure monitor, the raw liquid supply valve and a drain liquid discharge valve. The means for maintaining pressure is located on a raw liquid supply line upstream of the liquid mixing device. The technical result is a longer system working life, more efficient use of raw liquid, and reduced energy expenditure.

A carbon dioxide absorption medium. The absorption medium includes a plurality of hollow fibers and a plurality of binder particles. The hollow fibers have walls comprising a selectively permeable membrane that is configured to permit passage of gaseous carbon dioxide but not liquids. The plurality bind particles are dispersed between the hollow fibers and comprise an absorbent material configured to absorb gaseous carbon dioxide and to bind the carbon dioxide in a solid state.

Raw liquid is fed along a raw liquid and drain liquid mixing line to a liquid purification device. Drain liquid is fed along a recirculation line to be mixed with raw liquid. After a set period of time, the liquid purification process is interrupted to flush the liquid purification device by a liquid to remove contaminants built up on the inside surface of the liquid purification device. Downstream of the liquid purification device, the liquid is discharged at high speed into a drain. Prior to flushing, the purification process is interrupted at least once for a time sufficient to enable disruption of a polarized layer of contaminants. A mixture of raw liquid and drain liquid is used as the liquid medium for flushing such that less raw liquid is used for flushing and the service life of the water purification device increases.

Provided is an improved filtration module assembly comprising a vessel having a filtration cartridge disposed within it and a header coupled to an end of the vessel, the header including a housing having an open-ended upper end and a lower end, and an end cap including a portion that mates with a complimentary structure defined by the inner all of the open ended upper end of the housing to removable engage with the housing and the end cap may further define a passageway for fluid to flow out of the vessel. The filtration module assembly may enable an improved manifold arrangement used to communicate fluids to and from a filtration system comprising a plurality of such modules and the configurations of the present invention may facilitate improved operation of such filtration systems.

A reverse osmosis system includes a membrane housing comprising a reverse osmosis membrane therein. The membrane housing comprising a feed fluid inlet, a brine outlet and a permeate outlet. A first turbocharger has a first pump portion and a first turbine portion. The brine outlet is coupled to a first pipe directing a first portion of brine to the first pump portion. The first pump portion is in fluid communication with the feed fluid inlet. A feed pump communicates feed fluid to the feed fluid inlet through the first turbine portion. The brine outlet is coupled to a second pipe directing a second portion of brine toward a drain through a brine control valve.

A reverse osmosis system includes a membrane housing comprising a reverse osmosis membrane therein. The membrane housing comprising a feed fluid inlet, a brine outlet and a permeate outlet. A first turbocharger has a first pump portion and a first turbine portion. The brine outlet is coupled to a first pipe directing a first portion of brine to the first pump portion. The first pump portion is in fluid communication with the feed fluid inlet. A feed pump communicates feed fluid to the feed fluid inlet through the first turbine portion. The brine outlet is coupled to a second pipe directing a second portion of brine toward a drain through a brine control valve.