A solid-liquid separation system having a filter cylinder, a filter cloth laying assembly, an assembly for carrying and moving the filter cylinder, a squeezing assembly, and an assembly for laying a filter cloth, unloading materials and rolling up a filter cloth. The assembly for carrying and moving the filter cylinder is located below the filtering cylinder and includes a working position A and a working position B, and the squeezing assembly is located above the filtering cylinder at the working position B. The filter cloth laying assembly includes a laying and folding component and a dispensing component, and the dispensing component is located above the filter cylinder. The laying and folding component is used for laying a filter cloth in the filter cylinder, and the dispensing component is used for spraying downward materials to be treated onto the filter cloth.