A rain head comprising a lower body, a screen and an upper body. The screen includes a frame having a trough or recess. Lower parts of the sidewalls of the upper body 14 can fit into the trough or recess to enable the upper body to be removably mounted to the rain head. The screen also includes a peripheral flange and a downwardly extending lip that enable the screen to be removably mounted to the upper part of the lower body. At least some water splashing off the screen during a rain event comes into contact with the upper body and is re-directed to flow into the lower body and out through the outlet of the lower body to a rainwater collection tank. The screen and upper body may be provided separately to the lower body.

A liquid filter cartridge is provided. Preferred seal arrangements are provided, to provide for preferred axial load conditions, with respect to one or more of the end caps of the cartridge. Some cartridge configurations provided include no core structure or outer liner structure therein, to support axial load. Assemblies using the cartridge, and methods of assembly and use, are provided. The liquid filter cartridge can be a serviceable cartridge, or it can be retained permanently in a housing.

A filter element comprises a filter media and a restriction indicator device. The restriction indicator device comprises an attachment portion and a movable portion. The attachment portion is attachable to a portion of the filter assembly. The movable portion is movable relative to the attachment portion between a non-buckled position and a buckled position. The movable portion moves from the non-buckled position to the buckled position once a predetermined pressure drop between an upstream side and a downstream side of the movable portion of the restriction indicator device is met.

A filter element (1) has an inner body (12) and an outer body (11). One casing body (12) has a cross section deviating from circularity. Body contact surfaces (20, 21) face one another for the contact of essentially all filter folds (18a-18f, 18.sub.I-18.sub.III) of a pleated filter web (10). The filter folds (18a-18f, 18.sub.I-18.sub.III), in terms of fold height (h), are divided into individual groups (I, II) each having several filter folds (18.sub.I-18.sub.II) of a common fold height (h.sub.max, h.sub.min) alongside one another in sections. Between two adjacent filter folds (18a-18f, 18.sub.I-18.sub.III) of different groups (I, II) filter folds are arranged (18b-18e; 18m) of at least one third group (III). The filter folds (18b-18e, 18m) of the third group (III), in the manner of step formation, have a common fold height (h.sub.D) different from the respective fold height (h.sub.max, h.sub.min) of the filter folds (18.sub.I-18.sub.II) of the two adjacent neighboring groups (I, II), and/or, in the manner of curve formation, have different fold heights, establishing a transition between the fold heights (h.sub.max, h.sub.min) of the two adjacent groups (I, II).

A method for pre-wetting a polypropylene (PP) filter for filtering slurry and a PP filter package are provided. The method for pre-wetting the PP filter for filter slurry consists of steps of: pre-wetting a PP filtering media of the PP filter and packaging the pre-wetted PP filter in a packaging member sealingly. A PP filter package includes a cartridge, a PP filtering media and a packaging member. The PP filtering media is disposed in the cartridge to form a PP filter. The PP filtering media is pre-wetted, and the PP filter is sealingly packaged in the packaging member.

A filter element (1) has an inner body (12) and an outer body (11). One casing body (12) has a cross section deviating from circularity. Body contact surfaces (20, 21) face one another for the contact of essentially all filter folds (18a-18f, 18.sub.I-18.sub.III) of a pleated filter web (10). The filter folds (18a-18f, 18.sub.I-18.sub.III), in terms of fold height (h), are divided into individual groups (I, II) each having several filter folds (18.sub.I-18.sub.II) of a common fold height (h.sub.max, h.sub.min) alongside one another in sections. Between two adjacent filter folds (18a-18f, 18.sub.I-18.sub.III) of different groups (I, II) filter folds are arranged (18b-18e; 18m) of at least one third group (III). The filter folds (18b-18e, 18m) of the third group (III), in the manner of step formation, have a common fold height (h.sub.D) different from the respective fold height (h.sub.max, h.sub.min) of the filter folds (18.sub.I-18.sub.II) of the two adjacent neighboring groups (I, II), and/or, in the manner of curve formation, have different fold heights, establishing a transition between the fold heights (h.sub.max, h.sub.min) of the two adjacent groups (I, II).

A production method for a liquid high purity sugar derivative-modified silicone or a composition thereof is disclosed. The method comprises the steps of: 1) capturing hydrophilic impurities in solid particles by causing an impurity containing composition containing liquid sugar derivative-modified silicone and the hydrophilic impurities derived from a sugar derivative to contact the solid particles, the sugar derivative being a hydrophilic modifier of the sugar derivative-modified silicone, and the solid particles being able to capture the hydrophilic impurities; and 2) separating the sugar derivative-modified silicone and the solid particles. The method is useful for production of the liquid high purity sugar derivative-modified silicone and the composition thereof on a commercial scale.

A production method of a liquid high-purity polyhydric alcohol derivative-modified silicone or a composition thereof is disclosed. The method comprises: a capturing step 1) of bringing into an impurity-containing composition containing a liquid polyhydric alcohol derivative-modified silicone and hydrophilic impurities originating from a polyhydric alcohol derivative, the polyhydric alcohol derivative being a hydrophilic modifier of the polyhydric alcohol derivative-modified silicone, into contact with solid particles capable of capturing the hydrophilic impurities, and then capturing the hydrophilic impurities with the solid particles; and a separating step 2) of separating the polyhydric alcohol derivative-modified silicone and the solid particles. The method is useful for production of the liquid high-purity polyhydric alcohol derivative-modified silicone and the composition thereof on a commercial scale.

A filter assembly includes a filter housing configured as a singular unitary component defining a fluid flow passage through the filter assembly. A filter element is fixed within the housing and spaced apart from both ends of the filter housing to filter a fluid as the fluid flows through the filter housing. A method of insert molding a filter assembly includes providing a mold shaped to form the filter housing as a singular unitary component, locating a filter element in the mold at a location corresponding to where the filter element is to be fixed within the filter housing, and injection molding a molten plastic filter housing material around the filter element such that a portion of the filter element is encapsulated by the molten plastic filter housing material to form the filter housing in a manner that bonds the filter element in place within the filter housing. The filter assembly alternatively may be made by 3D printing the filter housing around the filter element.

A transmission oil filter is assembled from a filter element, a base, and a cover. Each of the three pieces extends beyond the filtration media to form an inlet channel. The inlet channel is low enough to fit under a valve body. Placing the inlet in this channel ensures that the inlet draws transmission fluid at road gradients and acceleration rates at which an inlet under the filtration media would draw air.