A doped electrode may be manufactured by doping an active material included in an electrode with an alkali metal in a dope solution containing a first aprotic solvent and an alkali metal salt. The doped electrode may be cleaned with a cleaning solution containing a second aprotic solvent that has a boiling point lower than that of the first aprotic solvent. The cleaning solution may be controlled such that a content ratio of the first aprotic solvent in the cleaning solution is 8 vol % or lower.

A doped electrode may be manufactured by doping an active material included in an electrode with an alkali metal in a dope solution containing a first aprotic solvent and an alkali metal salt. The doped electrode may be cleaned with a cleaning solution containing a second aprotic solvent that has a boiling point lower than that of the first aprotic solvent. The cleaning solution may be controlled such that a content ratio of the first aprotic solvent in the cleaning solution is 8 vol % or lower.

An apparatus, system and method to remove purified vapor from a contaminated fluid using energy. The apparatus comprises an inlet wherein contaminated fluid flows in the apparatus through the inlet; at least two outlets wherein a first outlet exits purified vapor and a second outlet wherein contaminated fluid with a portion removed as purified vapor exits the apparatus; an energy source that causes the contaminated fluid to heat to a temperature wherein at least a portion of the contaminated fluid is converted to purified vapor; at least two different flow paths from at least one inlet to the first outlet and second outlet, the first and second flow paths flow through at least a portion of the apparatus.

Method for crude petroleum oil processing in Crude Distillation Unit is provided to eliminate the stripping steam in an Atmospheric Distillation Column (VDC) of CDU for a significant reduction in the CDU's operating cost and alleviating the corrosion in the overhead section of ADC. The present invention relates to a method of separating the components of crude petroleum oil. The proposed method utilizes the innovative application of process hydrocarbon vapour consisting of a lighter fraction of crude and natural gas. The conceptualized new schemes for downstream processing the Light and Heavy gas oil (LGO and HGO) distillates to meet their boiling specifications are also disclosed.

Method for crude petroleum oil processing in Crude Distillation Unit is provided to eliminate the stripping steam in an Atmospheric Distillation Column (VDC) of CDU for a significant reduction in the CDU's operating cost and alleviating the corrosion in the overhead section of ADC. The present invention relates to a method of separating the components of crude petroleum oil. The proposed method utilizes the innovative application of process hydrocarbon vapour consisting of a lighter fraction of crude and natural gas. The conceptualized new schemes for downstream processing the Light and Heavy gas oil (LGO and HGO) distillates to meet their boiling specifications are also disclosed.

The present invention provides a process for producing hydrogen iodide. The process includes providing a vapor-phase reactant stream comprising hydrogen and iodine and reacting the reactant stream in the presence of a catalyst to produce a product stream comprising hydrogen iodide. The catalyst includes at least one selected from the group of nickel, cobalt, iron, nickel oxide, cobalt oxide, and iron oxide. The catalyst is supported on a support.

The present invention discloses a device and method for generating high-purity hydrogen by biomass pyrolysis-chemical looping combustion. The device comprises a biomass pyrolysis unit, a chemical looping hydrogen generation unit and a waste heat recovery unit; the biomass pyrolysis unit comprises a vertical bin, a screw feeder, a rotary kiln pyrolysis reactor and a high temperature filter; the chemical looping hydrogen generation unit comprises a path switching system of intake gas end, at least one packed bed reactor and a path switching system of tail gas end, wherein the packed bed reactor is composed of three parallel packed bed reactors I, II and III, which are continuously subjected to fuel reduction-steam oxidation-air combustion stages (steam purging stage) successively; the waste heat recovery unit comprises a waste heat boiler, a cooler and a gas-liquid separator. According to the present invention, a process flow of generating hydrogen from biomass is short, high-purity hydrogen can be obtained by simple condensation and water removal of a hydrogen-containing product that is generated after entrance of a pyrolysis gas into the chemical looping hydrogen generation unit, no complex gas purification device is employed, and the costs for hydrogen generation are low.

The present invention discloses a device and method for generating high-purity hydrogen by biomass pyrolysis-chemical looping combustion. The device comprises a biomass pyrolysis unit, a chemical looping hydrogen generation unit and a waste heat recovery unit; the biomass pyrolysis unit comprises a vertical bin, a screw feeder, a rotary kiln pyrolysis reactor and a high temperature filter; the chemical looping hydrogen generation unit comprises a path switching system of intake gas end, at least one packed bed reactor and a path switching system of tail gas end, wherein the packed bed reactor is composed of three parallel packed bed reactors I, II and III, which are continuously subjected to fuel reduction-steam oxidation-air combustion stages (steam purging stage) successively; the waste heat recovery unit comprises a waste heat boiler, a cooler and a gas-liquid separator. According to the present invention, a process flow of generating hydrogen from biomass is short, high-purity hydrogen can be obtained by simple condensation and water removal of a hydrogen-containing product that is generated after entrance of a pyrolysis gas into the chemical looping hydrogen generation unit, no complex gas purification device is employed, and the costs for hydrogen generation are low.

Processes and systems suitable for purifying or otherwise treating liquids to remove contaminants therein, including but not limited to contaminated water, to permit reclaiming, recycling, and reuse of the liquids. Such a process and system entails the use of a cascading distillation system that evaporates a liquid from the feedstock and then condenses and collects a more purified form of the liquid. The cascading distillation system can be operated to selectively process the feedstock through any of a series of vessels at which different amounts and/or contaminants may be removed from the feedstock.

The separation method separates a polyalcohol compound from water, so as to obtain a purified product stream comprising the polyalcohol compound in an output concentration of at least 90 wt %. Thereto, a mixture of the polyalcohol compound and water is provided, said mixture having a polyalcohol concentration. The polyalcohol concentration of the mixture is increased in an evaporation stage. Subsequently, the mixture is treated in a distillation stage to deliver the purified product stream comprising the polyalcohol compound in the output concentration of at least 90 wt %. Herein, the distillation stage is operated to produce steam output, that is optionally compressed to a steam pressure, and is coupled to the evaporation stage. The maximum distillation pressure and/or said compressed steam pressure is not less than the maximum evaporation pressure. The reactor system is configured for performing the separation method.