A method is provided for supporting environmental control in a semiconductor wafer processing space, the method includes: flowing a first gas under pressure in a first direction through a first diffuser tube, thereby generating a first lateral flow of gas through a sidewall of the first diffuser tube; flowing a second gas under pressure in a second direction through a second diffuser tube, thereby generating a second lateral flow of gas through a sidewall of the second diffuser tube, the second direction being opposite the first direction; combining the first and second lateral flows of gas within a housing; and outputting the combined lateral flows of gas from the housing to produce a laminar gas flow covering an opening to the semiconductor wafer processing space.

A candle filter comprised of a hollow cylindrical tube having a wall with an interior surface and an exterior surface, wherein the candle filter comprises high temperature resistant inorganic fibers, at least one binder, and optionally a secondary binder, wherein the at least one binder and optional secondary binder is substantially uniformly distributed across the thickness of the candle filter wall. Also, a method for making the candle filter having at least one binder, and optionally a secondary binder at least substantially uniformly distributed across the thickness of the candle filter wall.

Filter media including a filtration layer comprising fibers (e.g., synthetic fibers) comprising a flame retardant and related components, systems, and methods associated herewith are provided. In some embodiments, a filtration layer may include a nonwoven web (e.g., wet-laid nonwoven web) comprising fibers including a certain flame retardant that has a relatively low concentration of or is substantially free of certain undesirable and/or toxic components (e.g., halogens). In certain embodiments, the nonwoven web may also comprise a blend of fibers. For instance, in some embodiments, the nonwoven web may also comprise a blend of coarse and fine diameter synthetic fibers that impart beneficial performance properties to the filtration layer. In some embodiments, the filtration layer may be designed to have a desirable flame retardancy (e.g., F1 rating, K1 rating) and performance properties without compromising certain mechanical properties (e.g., pleatability of the media) and/or environmental attributes (e.g., relatively low toxicity). Filter media described herein may be particularly well-suited for applications that involve filtering air, though the media may also be used in other applications.

Thermoplastic bicomponent binder fiber can be combined with other media, fibers and other filtration components to form a thermally bonded filtration media. The filtration media can be used in filter units. Such filter units can be placed in the stream of a mobile fluid and can remove a particulate load from the mobile stream. The unique combination of media fiber, bicomponent binder fiber and other filtration additives and components provide a filtration media having unique properties in filtration applications.

Filter media including a filtration layer comprising fibers (e.g., synthetic fibers) comprising a flame retardant and related components, systems, and methods associated herewith are provided. In some embodiments, a filtration layer may include a nonwoven web (e.g., wet-laid nonwoven web) comprising fibers including a certain flame retardant that has a relatively low concentration of or is substantially free of certain undesirable and/or toxic components (e.g., halogens). In certain embodiments, the nonwoven web may also comprise a blend of fibers. For instance, in some embodiments, the nonwoven web may also comprise a blend of coarse and fine diameter synthetic fibers that impart beneficial performance properties to the filtration layer. In some embodiments, the filtration layer may be designed to have a desirable flame retardancy (e.g., F1 rating, K1 rating) and performance properties without compromising certain mechanical properties (e.g., pleatability of the media) and/or environmental attributes (e.g., relatively low toxicity). Filter media described herein may be particularly well-suited for applications that involve filtering air, though the media may also be used in other applications.

An exhaust gas purification filter includes a cell assembly including cells each having a quadrangular cross-sectional shape and a partition wall, seal members, and a skin member. The partition wall has a porosity P1 of 50% to 70%, and the skin member has a porosity P2 of 50% to 70%, the porosity P1 and the porosity P2 satisfy a relationship P1<P2. A difference between the porosity P2 and the porosity P1 is 20% or less. The partition wall includes crossing portions, each cell has at least one part of an outer periphery defined by a corresponding one of the crossing portions, the at least one part is rounded to have a radius of curvature R, each cell has a radius r of a hydraulic diameter, the radius of curvature R and the radius r of the hydraulic diameter satisfy a relationship 0.2<R [mm]/r [mm]<1.

The present invention relates to a hollow filter candle (1) which has, via impregnation of the inside with a catalyst solution, a concentration gradient of catalyst metals from the inside to the outside across the wall thickness thereof. The present invention furthermore relates to a method for producing a filter candle (1) according to the invention and the use of the filter candle (1) according to the invention for exhaust gas cleaning, in particular in waste incineration plants.

The invention relates to a storm water drain pit comprising: an inlet for storm water; a filter for removing particles from the storm water, comprising a cylindrical body comprising coherent man-made vitreous fibres (MMVF) bonded with a cured binder composition; wherein the cylindrical body has a hollow centre and an outer wall; a guide element for guiding water from the inlet into the cylindrical body; a sedimentation chamber for sedimentation of particles from the storm water, wherein the cylindrical body is positioned below the inlet and above the sedimentation chamber; an outlet for filtered water; wherein the outlet is positioned above the sedimentation chamber and below the inlet; and a separation element for separating the sedimentation chamber from the outlet; wherein the cylindrical body has a density in the range of 50 to 200 kg/m.sup.3, a binder content in the range of 2 to 5 wt % and the outer wall has a circumferential thickness in the range of 2 cm to 20 cm.

Various embodiments include a continuous manufacturing method for producing a non-reinforced electrochemical cell component for an electrochemical conversion process, the method comprising: forming a web-form from a web-material suspension directly on a surface of a conveyor belt of a conveyor mechanism, wherein the web-material suspension comprises interconnecting entities suspended in a solution, the solution including an organic polymer binding material as a solute and a solvent for the solute, and a pore-forming material; advancing the web-form through a first non-solvent bath, wherein the first non-solvent bath comprises a first non-solvent configured to introduce a phase inversion in the web-form to form a web; detaching the web from the surface of the conveyor belt; advancing the web through a pore-forming bath to form the component; and collecting the component.

This invention discloses a reticulated film composite and a method of fabricating the reticulated film composite suitable as a separator in electrochemical cells as sound absorbing films, or as high efficiency filtering media. The reticulated film composite is produced by casting and drying of a slurry which exhibits a high yield stress (i.e. greater than 50 dyne/cm2) and comprised of a high MW resin dissolved in a solvent (i.e. having solution viscosity of higher than 100 cp at 5% in NMP or in water at room temperature) and dispersed nanoparticles with high specific surface areas (i.e. greater than 10 m2/g) such as fumed alumina, or fumed silica, or fumed zirconia or mixture thereof. This reticulated film composite exhibits superior cycling properties and high ionic conductivity with a porosity up to 80% while maintains a high dimensional stability (i.e. less than 10% shrinking) at elevated temperatures (up to 140° C.). The reticulated composite separator coating can be used in combination with an electrode coating either in two separate process steps, or in a one-step process by having a simulations multi-layer casting of electrode and separator to manufacture a lithium ion battery.