Low Reynolds number forced convection heat transport within the fin channels enhanced by deliberate formation of unsteady, small-scale vortical motions using elastically fluttering thin-film reeds. The vortical motions substantially increase the local heat transfer coefficient at the channel walls and mixing between the wall thermal boundary layers and the cooler core flow. The flow mechanisms associated with production, advection and dissipation of these small-scale motions are investigated in a modular, high aspect ratio channel using micro-PIV, video imaging of the reed motion, and hot-wire anemometry. The global heat transfer enhancement in a modular heat sink prototype shows that the reed-induced small scale motions increase the turbulent kinetic energy of the flow even when the base flow undergoes transition to turbulence, leading to an increase in the local and global Nusselt number that is sustained at higher Re and a minor relative increase in losses.

Systems and methods are disclosed for removing nano-particulates from a gas. The systems may include a chamber to contain the particulate-containing gas, a source of the gas, a source of water vapor, a source of a supersonic gas, and at least one ultrasonic transducer in contact with the chamber. The chamber may also include one or more receptacles to receive the particulates. The methods may include introducing the particulate-containing gas and the water vapor into the chamber. A gas may be introduced into the chamber at supersonic speeds thereby cooling the water vapor to form nucleating ice crystals. The ultrasonic transducers may then introduce ultrasonic power into the chamber thereby causing the particulates to contact the ice crystals. The nucleating crystals, with their attached particulates, may then fall under gravity to be captured in the receptacles.

This disclosure is directed to a system for generating liquid water from a gaseous ambient environment containing water vapor. The system includes a mobile trailer and a liquid water generator provided on the mobile trailer. The liquid water generator is configured to generate liquid water by condensing the water vapor from the gaseous ambient environment. An energy source provided on the mobile trailer that is self-contained and is configured to collect and store energy sufficient to power the liquid water generator.

The present invention is a laboratory condenser adapted to be interchangeable from functioning as a reflux condenser to functioning as a distillation condenser as by inversion, and related methods of reflux and distillation that may be carried out by its use.

The present invention is a laboratory condenser adapted to be interchangeable from functioning as a reflux condenser to functioning as a distillation condenser as by inversion, and related methods of reflux and distillation that may be carried out by its use.

An apparatus coupled to an air-circulating device for reducing temperature of a surrounding is disclosed. The apparatus comprises a tray and upstanding sidewalls coupled to the tray. The upstanding sidewalls are covered with moss or any other suitable absorbent material. The apparatus comprises a pump provided at the bottom of the tray. Further, the apparatus comprises a hose in which one end of the hose is coupled to the pump. The apparatus comprises a canvas or any other suitable flexible material provided on the upstanding sidewalls and a lid provided at the top of the upstanding sidewalls and coupled to the canvas or any other suitable flexible material. The apparatus is placed behind the air-circulating device, wherein water stored in the tray is pumped using the pump through the hose and the water is made to fall onto the upstanding sidewalls. The air-circulating device draws air and moisture/water from the apparatus and directs the air current in a desired direction.

A duplex stainless steel for use in a urea production plant and/or in a urea production process, containing in weight percentage (% w): C 0.03 or less; Si 0.5 or less; Mn 2.5 or less; Cr from more than 30.0 to 35.0; Ni from 5.5 to 8.0; Co from 0.01 to 0.8; Mo from 2.0 to 2.5; W 2.5 or less; N from 0.3 to 0.6; Cu 1.0 or less; and having one or more of: Ca 0.0040 or less; Mg 0.0040 or less; one or more rare-earth elements in a total amount of 0.1 or less; the balance being Fe and impurities; and satisfying the relationship: Z=1.062 (Ni+Co)+4.185 Mo is between 14.95 and 19.80.

The present invention relates to a condenser for condensing gasses. The condenser comprises: an inner tube (1) having a bore (3) therethrough; an outer tube (2) having a bore (8) therethrough and two ends, the inner tube (1) passing through the bore of the outer tube (2); and a seal (15, 16) at each end of the outer tube. The outer tube has exterior and interior fins and is sealed to the inner tube so as to define a sealed space (11) between the inner tube and the outer tube. The space (11) is adapted to contain a liquid in contact with the inner tube (1) and the outer tube (2). The invention further relates to a method of condensing a gas using the condenser, a process of making a chemical using the condenser and a kit adapted to be assembled into the condenser.

The disclosed technology includes techniques for improving efficiency of heat transfer devices, specifically condensers. An exemplary embodiment provides a device for condensing vapor bubbles comprising a quantity of liquid, a vapor source, and an acoustic transducer. The vapor source can be configured to introduce a plurality of vapor bubbles in the quantity of liquid. The acoustic transducer can be configured to provide acoustic energy to the quantity of liquid such that at least a portion of the acoustic energy is transferred to the plurality of vapor bubbles causing at least a portion of the plurality of vapor bubbles to condense in the quantity of liquid.

An apparatus comprising a heat exchanger and one or more induction heating elements is disclosed. The heat exchanger comprises a coolant side conduit and a process side conduit, the process side conduit being susceptible to fouling by at least partial desublimation, condensation, crystallization, deposition, or combinations thereof of a fouling component of a circulating process fluid. An electrically conductive first metal is disposed adjacent to the process side conduit. The one or more induction heating elements are disposed proximate to the heat exchanger. The one or more induction heating elements are connected to a source of electrical current. When the electrical current flows through the induction heating elements, eddy currents are induced in the first metal, heating the first metal such that the fouling component sublimates, melts, absorbs, or a combination thereof into the circulating process fluid.