The invention relates to an atmospheric water generator that includes an absorption heat transformer (AHT) designed as a heat pump that is able to extract heat even from waste heat sources at or below ambient temperatures, with an evaporator working at a favourable design temperature (preferably between 2° C. and 15° C.) for chilled water supply to a cold coil that extracts atmospheric water from ambient air. The AHT employs a pseudo-isobaric temperature glide bubble reactor that contains a suitable binary liquid-vapour mixture in a density separation distillation environment, powered by a vapour absorption process.

A water producing system for a photovoltaic panel may include a moisture collection layer, a liquid transfer mat, and a moisture collection substrate. The moisture collection layer may collect moisture from condensation and direct moisture away from the photovoltaic panel. The liquid transfer mat may include a plurality of tubes through which a chilled heat transfer liquid passes. The moisture collection substrate may include a thermally conductive material. The chilled heat transfer liquid within the liquid transfer mat may absorb heat from the photovoltaic panel and from ambient air through the moisture collection substrate, thereby reducing a temperature of the photovoltaic panel and condensing water on the moisture collection substrate to produce water.

A duct is provided and includes a tubular member having an inlet portion, an outlet portion and a central portion interposed between the inlet and outlet portions and a tributary tubular member fluidly coupled to the tubular member at the central portion. The tributary tubular member includes first and second torus sectors defining first and second apertures, respectively, through which an upstream end of the central portion extends. The second torus sector is disposed within the first torus sector to define a sectioned toroidal annulus about the first and second apertures and between an exterior surface of the second torus sector and an interior surface of the first torus sector.

Systems and methods relating to use of external air for inventory control of a closed thermodynamic cycle system or energy storage system, such as a reversible Brayton cycle system, are disclosed. A method may involve, in a closed cycle system operating in a power generation mode, circulating a working fluid may through a closed cycle fluid path. The closed cycle fluid path may include a high pressure leg and a low pressure leg. The method may further involve in response to a demand for increased power generation, compressing and dehumidifying environmental air. And the method may involve injecting the compressed and dehumidified environmental air into the low pressure leg.

Methods and systems for removing contaminants, such as water and/or carbon dioxide, from a gas stream, such as a natural gas stream or a flue gas stream. One or more solid-tolerant heat exchangers are employed to chill the gas stream to a temperature at which the contaminants solidify. The solidified contaminants may then be separated and removed from the gas stream. In one or more aspects, the one or more solid-tolerant heat exchangers may include a scraped heat exchanger.

Provided is a method for desulphurizating and denitrating a flue gas in an integrated manner based on low-temperature adsorption. The method includes: decreasing a temperature of the flue gas below a room temperature by using a flue gas cooling system; removing moisture in the flue gas by using a dehumidification system; sending the flue gas to a SO.sub.2 and NO.sub.x adsorbing column system; and simultaneously adsorbing SO.sub.2 and NO.sub.x of the flue gas with a material of activated coke, activated carbon, a molecular sieve or diatom mud in the SO.sub.2 and NO.sub.x adsorbing column system to implement an integration of desulphurization and denitration of the flue gas based on the low-temperature adsorption. With the present method, SO.sub.2 and NO.sub.x of the flue gas can be adsorbed simultaneously in an environment having a temperature below the room temperature.

An evaporative cooler which includes a sealed loop of conduit with a first portion in a space to be cooled and a second portion in a space where heat is rejected, a volume of working fluid, and a fan inside the conduit loop. The fan forces air over the working fluid to accelerate its evaporation, which requires heat. Evaporation creates vapor-enriched air which carries heat and is forced by the fan to the second portion. Within the second portion, the vapor-enriched air rejects the absorbed heat before being forced back to the first portion. In certain cases, a portion of the working fluid in the vapor-enriched air condenses out and drains or is pumped back to the first portion. In certain uses, the cooler provides cooling to an area. In other uses, the cooler captures vaporized water, producing an impurity-free condensate for removal or use.

The present invention provides a heat-driven adsorption vacuum dehumidification system including a vapor adsorption apparatus having a water permeable hydrophilic membrane separating the apparatus into at least a feed section and a low-pressure or vacuum section (evaporator), and providing a water vapor pressure difference to extract moisture from the air flowing through the apparatus into the evaporator, followed by adsorption in an adsorption chamber, and subsequently desorbed when acted as a desorption chamber to form water vapor which is condensed in a condenser. Adsorption and desorption chambers inter-change periodically to form a complete system cycle. Heating of chamber/compartment can be from waste heat or a renewable source in the absence of any electricity supplied externally. Related method for using a heat-driven adsorption vacuum dehumidification system to remove moisture from the air is also provided. The present invention is superior to the adsorption chiller over a wide range of operating conditions.

An environmental control system employs an electrolysis cell utilizing an anion conducting membrane. A power supply is coupled across the anode and cathode of the electrolysis cell to drive reactions to reduce oxygen and/or carbon dioxide in an output gas flow. A cathode enclosure may be coupled with the electrolysis cell and provide an input gas flow and receive the output gas flow. A first electrolysis cell may be utilized to reduce the carbon dioxide concentration in an output flow that is directed to a second electrolysis cell, that reduces the concentration of oxygen. The oxygen and/or carbon dioxide may be vented from the system and used for an auxiliary purpose. An electrolyte solution may be configured in a loop from a reservoir to the anode, to provide a flow of electrolyte solution to the anode. Moisture from the cathode may be collected and provided to the anode.

In order to prevent injury from hot exhaust gas, water is condensed by a metal net in the exhaust pipe.