A method for membrane filtration of water comprising alternating in-line additions of coagulant and adsorbent to the water upstream of the membrane, wherein each addition time is in a range from 10 seconds to one hour.

A control unit includes a first connector configured to connect a proportional pressure regulator to a positive pressure supply and a second connector configured to connect the proportional pressure regulator to a negative pressure supply. The control unit further includes at least one sensor configured to detect an amount of air flow (volume per unit of time), positive or negative, within an air flow line connected to an output of the proportional pressure regulator, and a third connector configured to connect the air flow line to an air side of a diaphragm. Additionally, the control unit includes a controller programmed to control at least an opening and closing function of the proportional pressure regulator to attain a desired amount of air flow (volume per unit of time), positive or negative, within the air flow line.

A control unit includes a first connector configured to connect a proportional pressure regulator to a positive pressure supply and a second connector configured to connect the proportional pressure regulator to a negative pressure supply. The control unit further includes at least one sensor configured to detect an amount of air flow (volume per unit of time), positive or negative, within an air flow line connected to an output of the proportional pressure regulator, and a third connector configured to connect the air flow line to an air side of a diaphragm. Additionally, the control unit includes a controller programmed to control at least an opening and closing function of the proportional pressure regulator to attain a desired amount of air flow (volume per unit of time), positive or negative, within the air flow line.

A control unit includes a first connector configured to connect a proportional pressure regulator to a positive pressure supply and a second connector configured to connect the proportional pressure regulator to a negative pressure supply. The control unit further includes at least one sensor configured to detect an amount of air flow (volume per unit of time), positive or negative, within an air flow line connected to an output of the proportional pressure regulator, and a third connector configured to connect the air flow line to an air side of a diaphragm. Additionally, the control unit includes a controller programmed to control at least an opening and closing function of the proportional pressure regulator to attain a desired amount of air flow (volume per unit of time), positive or negative, within the air flow line.

A control unit includes a first connector configured to connect a proportional pressure regulator to a positive pressure supply and a second connector configured to connect the proportional pressure regulator to a negative pressure supply. The control unit further includes at least one sensor configured to detect an amount of air flow (volume per unit of time), positive or negative, within an air flow line connected to an output of the proportional pressure regulator, and a third connector configured to connect the air flow line to an air side of a diaphragm. Additionally, the control unit includes a controller programmed to control at least an opening and closing function of the proportional pressure regulator to attain a desired amount of air flow (volume per unit of time), positive or negative, within the air flow line.

A method for promoting biological activity uses a filter system to increase cell production of a fed batch bioreactor. The filter system cycles bioreactor fluid through a hollow fiber tangential flow filter which separates metabolic wastes (as well as proteins) from cells produced in bioreactor and returned to fed batch bioreactor, improving cell production in the fed batch bioreactor. The filter system includes a disposable pump and filter, and a reusable control system. The pump is a low shear gamma stable pump gently cycling bioreactor fluid through the filter with minimal damage to the cells produced in the bioreactor. The pumphead and hollow fiber tangential flow filter are disposable. The pump motor is part of the control system and is reusable. The pumphead and filter are provided as an assembled and pre-sterilized unit allowing simple and quick attachment to the fed batch bioreactor, and simple and quick disposal.

A method for promoting biological activity uses a filter system to increase cell production of a fed batch bioreactor. The filter system cycles bioreactor fluid through a hollow fiber tangential flow filter which separates metabolic wastes (as well as proteins) from cells produced in bioreactor and returned to fed batch bioreactor, improving cell production in the fed batch bioreactor. The filter system includes a disposable pump and filter, and a reusable control system. The pump is a low shear gamma stable pump gently cycling bioreactor fluid through the filter with minimal damage to the cells produced in the bioreactor. The pumphead and hollow fiber tangential flow filter are disposable. The pump motor is part of the control system and is reusable. The pumphead and filter are provided as an assembled and pre-sterilized unit allowing simple and quick attachment to the fed batch bioreactor, and simple and quick disposal.

A membrane separation pretreatment apparatus including a membrane separation unit and a first underwater plasma discharge unit disposed in front of the membrane separation unit is provided. The membrane separation pretreatment apparatus includes a membrane separation unit configured to remove particulate matter contained in raw water, and a first underwater plasma discharge unit disposed in front of the membrane separation unit and configured to cause a portion of the raw water to be introduced into the membrane separation unit to perform underwater plasma discharging.

The present invention relates to a comprehensive evaluation method for the performance of contaminated flat membranes, which relates to the field of sewage and waste resource technology. The present invention firstly analyzed the composition of the surface elements of the contaminated membrane by EDX to determine the type of membrane contamination, and then designed different cleaning schemes for organic or inorganic pollution to obtain a sample membrane. When the tensile strength of the contaminated membrane decreased more than 50% than that of the control membrane, it is a waste membrane; when the tensile strength decreased less than 50% and the membrane flux reduced more than 30%, it is a waste membrane; when tensile strength decreased less than 50%, membrane flux reduced less than 30% and the carbon footprint was more than 188 g, it is a waste membrane; otherwise was a old membrane. The comprehensive evaluation method of the present invention can quantitatively, quickly and comprehensively define the difference between the old membrane and the waste membrane, and provides the basis for the selection of the contaminated membrane and the process of the regeneration and reuse.

A membrane element having a filtration main body, a header (a water collection portion) that collects treated water from an end portion of the filtration main body and a treated water lead-out portion that leads out the treated water is used. The treated water lead-out portion is connected to a tubular peripheral wall of a water collection pipe that collects treated water solid-liquid-separated by the membrane element, and communicates with an inside of the tubular peripheral wall. The tubular peripheral wall has a thick portion that is thicker in a horizontal direction at an upper-side peripheral wall portion located at an upper side (or at a lower-side peripheral wall portion located at a lower side) in the radial direction of the tubular peripheral wall, and a connecting hole that penetrates the thick portion.