A device for removing ions from a solution. The device includes first and second intercalation hosts, an anion exchange membrane, a first compartment extending between the first intercalation host and the anion exchange membrane, and a second compartment extending between the second intercalation host and the anion exchange membrane. The first and/or second intercalation hosts include a mixture of first and second intercalation materials. The first and/or second intercalation hosts may include layers (e.g., alternating layers) of the first and second intercalation materials. The first and second intercalation materials are different.

The present invention discloses an SWRO and MCDI coupled seawater desalination device system with energy recovery, including a pre-filtering unit, an SWRO treatment unit, an MCDI treatment unit, and a post-filtering unit. The SWRO treatment unit is coupled with the MCDI treatment unit. Seawater desalination is performed through a coupling complementary water passage and circuit design, while water quality is improved, and the continuity of water output from a water passage of the device is kept. By recovering the pressure potential energy of high-pressure brine in the SWRO treatment unit and electric energy released by desorption in the MCDI treatment unit, energy consumption is reduced.

A device for enabling controlled movement of ions between a first ion-containing fluid and second ion-containing fluid comprises at least one cationic exchange membrane positioned between the first and second ion-containing fluids, and at least one anionic exchange membrane in parallel with the at least one cationic exchange membrane positioned between the first and second ion-containing fluids. The one or more of the at least one cationic exchange membrane and the at least one anionic exchange membrane is a membrane electrode assembly comprising an ion exchange membrane, and one or more permeable electrodes embedded within the ionic exchange membrane. The number of cationic exchange membranes and the number of anionic exchange membranes is the same, and the ions move through the membrane electrode assembly in response to a variable capacitive charge.

A device for enabling controlled movement of ions between a first ion-containing fluid and second ion-containing fluid comprises at least one cationic exchange membrane positioned between the first and second ion-containing fluids, and at least one anionic exchange membrane in parallel with the at least one cationic exchange membrane positioned between the first and second ion-containing fluids. The one or more of the at least one cationic exchange membrane and the at least one anionic exchange membrane is a membrane electrode assembly comprising an ion exchange membrane, and one or more permeable electrodes embedded within the ionic exchange membrane. The number of cationic exchange membranes and the number of anionic exchange membranes is the same, and the ions move through the membrane electrode assembly in response to a variable capacitive charge.

The present invention discloses an SWRO and MCDI coupled seawater desalination device system with energy recovery, including a pre-filtering unit, an SWRO treatment unit, an MCDI treatment unit, and a post-filtering unit. The SWRO treatment unit is coupled with the MCDI treatment unit. Seawater desalination is performed through a coupling complementary water passage and circuit design, while water quality is improved, and the continuity of water output from a water passage of the device is kept. By recovering the pressure potential energy of high-pressure brine in the SWRO treatment unit and electric energy released by desorption in the MCDI treatment unit, energy consumption is reduced.

Radioactive nuclides (radionuclides) are separate from an aqueous radioactive liquid by feeding the liquid into a chamber between a porous anode and a porous cathode of a shock electrodialysis device. Meanwhile, an anolyte is fed through the porous anode, and a catholyte is fed through the porous cathode. A voltage is applied to the porous anode and to the porous cathode to create a voltage differential across the chamber. The liquid is passed through the chamber, and cations are selectively driven from the liquid into the cathode by the voltage differential. The voltage differential creates a desalination shock that produces an ion-enriched zone on one side of the desalination shock and a deionized zone on an opposite side. A brine including the radioactive cations is extracted from the ion-enriched zone through a brine outlet, and fresh water is extracted from the deionized zone through a fresh-water outlet.

A device (10) for capacitive deionization of an aqueous media containing dissolved ion species, said device comprising a cell with a first primary electrode (2) and a second primary electrode (3) arranged opposite the first primary electrode (2) and preferably separated by at least one non-conductive spacer (4, 4). A third electrode (7) is arranged between the first and the second electrode. The third electrode (7) is grounded whereas the first and the second electrodes are polarized versus the grounded third electrode.

A device (10) for capacitive deionization of an aqueous media containing dissolved ion species, said device comprising a cell with a first primary electrode (2) and a second primary electrode (3) arranged opposite the first primary electrode (2) and preferably separated by at least one non-conductive spacer (4, 4). A third electrode (7) is arranged between the first and the second electrode. The third electrode (7) is grounded whereas the first and the second electrodes are polarized versus the grounded third electrode.

A desalination battery cell includes a first compartment separated by an anion exchange membrane from a second compartment, each of the first and second compartments containing a saline water solution having a concentration of dissolved salts c.sub.1 and first and second intercalation host electrodes, respectively, in fluid communication with the solution, a voltage source supplying electric current to the first and second intercalation host electrodes to release cations into the solution, and a controller programmed to adjust an amount of the electric current being supplied to change direction of anions in the solution passing through the anion exchange membrane between the compartments such that the first and second compartments alternately collect and disperse salt from the solution and release desalinated water solution having a concentration c.sub.2 of dissolved salts and a brine solution having a concentration c.sub.3 of dissolved salts such that c.sub.3>C.sub.1>C.sub.2.

A water treatment apparatus includes a first ion removal module including a first cation exchange membrane, a first anion exchange membrane, and a first deionization channel therebetween; a second ion removal module including a second cation exchange membrane, a second anion exchange membrane, and a second deionization channel therebetween; and a fluid separation device to separate a fluid, discharged from the first deionization channel, and to guide the fluid. The fluid separation device includes an outer guide to guide a portion of the fluid discharged from the first deionization channel to an outside of the second deionization channel, and a center guide to guide another portion of the fluid from the first deionization channel to the second deionization channel, and the center guide arranged inside of the outer guide.