An electrochemical sensor with an ion-selective membrane that comprises a crosslinked alkyl methacrylate homopolymer or copolymer of two or more alkyl methacrylates 1. with a covalently attached electrically neutral or electrically charged ionophore that is selective for a target cation or anion, or 2. with a covalently attached cationic or anionic ionic site, or 3. with a covalently attached cationic or anionic ionic site and covalently attached electrically neutral or electrically charged ionophore.

The present disclosure is directed to ion-exchange systems and devices that can monitor key parameters related to the performance of the ion-exchange device. Specifically, the ion-exchange systems and devices disclosed herein can provide real time voltage drop across groups of membrane pairs using diagnostic spacer borders between the pairs. In addition, the ion-exchange systems and devices disclosed herein can monitor the compression force applied by the compression plates holding the ion-exchange systems and devices together.

A device for removing ions from a solution. The device includes first and second intercalation hosts, an anion exchange membrane, a first compartment extending between the first intercalation host and the anion exchange membrane, and a second compartment extending between the second intercalation host and the anion exchange membrane. The first and/or second intercalation hosts include a mixture of first and second intercalation materials. The first and/or second intercalation hosts may include layers (e.g., alternating layers) of the first and second intercalation materials. The first and second intercalation materials are different.

The present invention is directed to an electrochemical device for at least partially removing or reducing a target ionic species from an aqueous solution using faradic immobilization, the electrochemical device including at least one first electrode and at least one second electrode with different void fraction and surface area properties, due to differences in void fraction (also referred to as void ratio) of the at least one first and the at least one second electrode, water flows through an electrode with a high porosity, while the aqueous solution does not flow through an electrode with a low porosity. The asymmetry of the electrodes provides a desired voltage distribution across the device, which equates to a different voltage at each electrode, to control the speciation of the target ionic species at the anode and the cathode.

Electrochemical water treatment devices are disclosed. The device includes a feed inlet fluidly connectable to a source of water including dissolved silica and a chlorine-containing compound and an electrochemical separation module fluidly connectable to the feed inlet. The electrochemical separation module includes a dilution compartment, a concentration compartment, an ion exchange membrane positioned between the dilution and concentration compartment, and first and second electrodes. A first portion of a volume of the dilution compartment includes a first ion exchange media positioned proximate to the feed inlet. A second portion of the volume of the dilution compartment includes a second ion exchange media positioned distal to the feed inlet. The first ion exchange media has a greater resistance to the chlorine-containing compound than the second ion exchange media. Methods of reducing a concentration of dissolved silica in water are disclosed. Methods of facilitating treatment of water containing dissolved silica are disclosed.

An electrodeionization device having an improved boron rejection capability compared with high-performance electrodeionization devices proposed in the related art is provided. An electrodeionization device comprising a cathode; an anode; and a plurality of cation-exchange membranes and a plurality of anion-exchange membranes, the plurality of cation-exchange membranes and the plurality of anion-exchange membranes being arranged between the cathode and the anode so as to form concentrating compartments and desalting compartments, the concentrating compartments and desalting compartments being arranged alternately, the desalting compartments being filled with an ion-exchange resin, wherein the ion-exchange resin has an average particle size of 100 to 300 μm. Preferably, the ion-exchange resin has a uniformity coefficient of 1.1 or less.

Provided are a curable composition including a compound expressed by General Formula (1) below; a polymerization initiator; and a chain transfer agent, and a cured polymer product. ##STR00001##
In General Formula (1), m represents an integer of 1 to 4, and n represents an integer of 1 to 4. Here, a sum of m and n is not greater than 5. M.sup.A represents a hydrogen ion, an inorganic ion, or an organic ion. Here, an inorganic ion and an organic ion may be bivalent or higher ions. Each of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group.

The invention is directed to a scalable concentration device and method of use thereof based on electrokinetics.

An acidic treatment liquid processing apparatus includes: a tank having an interior space; a diaphragm permeable to a metal cation and separating the interior space of the tank into a first chamber and a second chamber; a first electrode disposed in the first chamber; a second electrode disposed in the second chamber; a power supply configured to apply a voltage while using the first electrode as an anode and the second electrode as a cathode; a first liquid passing part configured to pass an acidic treatment liquid containing a dichromate ion and a metal cation into the first chamber; and a second liquid passing part configured to pass an acid aqueous solution into the second chamber.

In an acidic treatment liquid processing apparatus, a space between a first electrode and a second electrode spaced from each other is separated by a first diaphragm permeable and a second diaphragm into a first chamber, a second chamber, and a third chamber. While the first chamber is fed with an acidic treatment liquid containing a dichromate ion and a metal cation, the second chamber is fed with a first acid aqueous solution, and the third chamber is fed with a second acid aqueous solution, a voltage is applied using the first electrode as an anode and the second electrode as a cathode.