A sterile solution product bag includes sterilization grade filter integrated directly into the product bag such that microbial and particulate matter filtration can be performed using the filter directly at the point of fill. The filter can include a hollow fiber filter membrane contained in a stem connected to a bladder of the product bag.

A hollow fiber membrane module includes a pressure vessel, a plurality of hollow fiber membrane elements arranged in series inside the pressure vessel, and a connector that connects the hollow fiber membrane elements to each other. Each of the hollow fiber membrane elements includes a plurality of hollow fiber membranes, and a double-core tube extending in a longitudinal direction of the plurality of hollow fiber membrane elements. The connector includes a first channel and a second channel that do not communicate with each other. Between the hollow fiber membrane elements, the outer channels of the hollow fiber membrane elements are connected to each other through the first channel, the inner channels of the hollow fiber membrane elements are connected to each other through the second channel, and hollow portions of the hollow fiber membranes communicate with the inner channels through the second channel.

A winding system for winding up concatenated hollow fibers onto a winding core includes a winding core of a device for the mass transfer and/or heat exchange between two media and which winding core is to be inserted together with the hollow fibers wound thereon, into the housing of the device and to remain therein, and at least one coupling element, preferably two coupling elements, wherein the at least one coupling element has two axially opposing connecting regions and is temporarily connectable, by means of the first connecting region, to the winding core for conjoint rotation therewith, and is temporarily connectable, by means of the second connecting region, with a drive for conjoint rotation therewith, the drive being provided for the rotation of the winding core about a winding axis.

A hollow fiber membrane element, comprising: a core tube comprising a side face having a plurality of pores; and a hollow fiber membrane group consisting of a plurality of hollow fiber membranes disposed around the core tube, the hollow fiber membrane element being a both open-ended type hollow fiber membrane element in which both ends of the core tube and the plurality of hollow fiber membranes are open. The hollow fiber membrane group includes a first hollow fiber membrane layer composed of a plurality of first hollow fiber membranes disposed so as to surround the core tube and a second hollow fiber membrane layer composed of a plurality of second hollow fiber membranes disposed so as to surround the first hollow fiber membrane layer, and a permeability coefficient of the plurality of first hollow fiber membranes is smaller than a permeability coefficient of the plurality of second hollow fiber membranes.

The present invention relates to a filter element and a filter having the filter element. The filter element comprises a filter element housing part, a water inlet disposed at the filter element housing part, a filter medium unit disposed in the filter element housing part, and a central pipe. The central pipe comprises a pure water collecting pipe and a wastewater collecting pipe, and the wastewater collecting pipe is at least partially disposed in the pure water collecting pipe. A wastewater passage and a pure water passage are arranged sequentially from the center to the circumference in the central pipe. The filter element and the filter according to the present invention has a more simplified filter element structure. By reducing the quantity of components, the filter is made more compact. The present invention can further accommodate positional errors within an allowed error range when the filter element is mounted to a local manifold 1 of the filter. Manufacturing precision requirements of filter components can thus be lowered and the cost can be reduced. The replacement and mounting of the filter element have therefore become easier.

A heat exchanger for an oxygenator device has multiple hollow fiber membranes that each have a hollow portion through which a heat medium passes, wherein the fibers are wound as a cylinder body. Each of the hollow fiber membranes follows a path between opposing ends of the cylinder body which is tilted with respect to a central axis of the cylinder body and is wound around the central axis of the cylinder body, wherein a tilt angle θ with respect to the central axis ranges from 22° to smaller than 67°, and wherein a constituent material of each of the hollow fiber membranes has a Young's modulus E ranging from 2.6 GPa to 0.07 GPa. During winding, the hollow fiber membranes are stretched according to a stretching rate between 0.5% and 3.0% and then fixed at the ends to maintain the stretching.

A hollow fiber membrane module includes one pressure vessel, and at least one hollow fiber membrane element loaded in the pressure vessel. Each of the element includes a plurality of hollow fiber membranes each having openings at both ends, a bypass tube, and a supply port and a discharge port provided on one end side in a longitudinal direction. The supply port is in communication with inflow-side openings of hollow fiber membranes. The bypass tube is provided in the longitudinal direction of the element, has an inflow port at an end portion on a side of outflow-side openings of the hollow fiber membranes, and has an outflow port at an end portion on a side of the inflow-side openings of the hollow fiber membranes. The outflow-side openings of hollow fiber membranes are in communication with the inflow port, and the outflow port is in communication with the discharge port.

A carbon negative clean fuel production system includes: a main platform; a heat collection device for capturing heat from a hydrothermal emissions from a hydrothermal vent on a floor of an ocean; a heat-driven electric generator; a heat distribution system including a heat absorbing material and a heat transporting pipe; anchor platforms tethered to the main platform; a mineral separator; a seawater filtration unit; a water splitting device; a sand refinery machine; a carbon removal system; and a chemical production system for producing hydrides, halides and silane. Also disclosed is a method for carbon negative clean fuel production, including: capturing heat; producing electric energy; separating minerals; filtering seawater; splitting water; refining sand; removing carbon dioxide; and producing hydrides, halides, and silane.

A carbon negative clean fuel production system includes: a main platform; a heat collection device for capturing heat from a hydrothermal emissions from a hydrothermal vent on a floor of an ocean; a heat-driven electric generator; a heat distribution system including a heat absorbing material and a heat transporting pipe; anchor platforms tethered to the main platform; a mineral separator; a seawater filtration unit; a water splitting device; a sand refinery machine; a carbon removal system; and a chemical production system for producing hydrides, halides and silane. Also disclosed is a method for carbon negative clean fuel production, including: capturing heat; producing electric energy; separating minerals; filtering seawater; splitting water; refining sand; removing carbon dioxide; and producing hydrides, halides, and silane.

A hollow fiber membrane laminate that includes a plurality of hollow fiber membranes wound to form a plurality of layers in a cylinder shape. The hollow fiber membranes are wound around a central axis while reciprocating a feeding point of the hollow fiber membranes along a central axis. Hollow fiber membranes adjacent to each other in each respective layer are separated by a predetermined separation distance. A speed differential z is reduced for successive layers approaching an outer side of the cylinder to maintain the predetermined separation distance. The speed differential z has a value obtained by dividing a pitch of the hollow fiber membranes within a respective layer by a traverse reciprocating distance.