A membrane, for example a flat sheet membrane, has posts extending from a separation layer. The posts extend through one or more supporting structures such as a substrate layer and/or a permeate carrier, between two separation layers, or both. A post may help to attach the separation layer to a supporting structure, attach two supporting structures together, strengthen a supporting structure and/or attach two separation layers together. In some examples, one or more supporting structures, which may be temporary or remain in the membrane, are made with openings for posts. A liquid containing the separating layer material is cast over the supporting structure or structures and some of the liquid flows at least part way through the openings before the liquid is solidified. A temporary supporting structure may be removed, for example dissolved. In other examples, two supporting structures are held apart in a casting knife while posts are formed.

A system for reconstituting and sterilizing a concentrate includes a mixing container, a filtration device, and a product bag. The a mixing container has an inlet port and outlet port in fluid communication with a mixing chamber disposed between the inlet port and the outlet port. The mixing chamber is adapted to contain a product concentrate. The filtration device has an inlet and an outlet, the inlet of the filtration device coupled to the outlet port of the mixing container. The filtration device includes a filter membrane with a nominal pore size in a range of approximately 0.1 μm to approximately 0.5 μm. The product bag has an inlet port coupled to the outlet of the filtration device, and has a bladder defining an empty sterile chamber for receiving sterilized and reconstituted product resulting from mixing a diluent with a product concentrate in the mixing chamber to obtain a mixture then introduced through the filtration device to obtain the reconstituted and sterilized product.

A system for reconstituting and sterilizing a concentrate includes a mixing container, a filtration device, and a product bag. The a mixing container has an inlet port and outlet port in fluid communication with a mixing chamber disposed between the inlet port and the outlet port. The mixing chamber is adapted to contain a product concentrate. The filtration device has an inlet and an outlet, the inlet of the filtration device coupled to the outlet port of the mixing container. The filtration device includes a filter membrane with a nominal pore size in a range of approximately 0.1 μm to approximately 0.5 μm. The product bag has an inlet port coupled to the outlet of the filtration device, and has a bladder defining an empty sterile chamber for receiving sterilized and reconstituted product resulting from mixing a diluent with a product concentrate in the mixing chamber to obtain a mixture then introduced through the filtration device to obtain the reconstituted and sterilized product.

A froth coalescing device includes a froth receiving chamber with a vent, and a vertical membrane arranged between the vent and a gas out port of the froth coalescing device. The vent is arranged to vent gas in a direction that is different from a direction of travel of froth in the froth receiving chamber.

A system for reconstituting and sterilizing a concentrate includes a mixing container, a filtration device, and a product bag. The a mixing container has an inlet port and outlet port in fluid communication with a mixing chamber disposed between the inlet port and the outlet port. The mixing chamber is adapted to contain a product concentrate. The filtration device has an inlet and an outlet, the inlet of the filtration device coupled to the outlet port of the mixing container. The filtration device includes a filter membrane with a nominal pore size in a range of approximately 0.1 μm to approximately 0.5 μm. The product bag has an inlet port coupled to the outlet of the filtration device, and has a bladder defining an empty sterile chamber for receiving sterilized and reconstituted product resulting from mixing a diluent with a product concentrate in the mixing chamber to obtain a mixture then introduced through the filtration device to obtain the reconstituted and sterilized product.

An air-regulating freshness-preserving storage device comprises a container having a first storage space defined therein; and an oxygen removal device configured to remove a part or all of oxygen in air in the first storage space, so as to obtain the air rich in nitrogen, low in oxygen, and favorable for food preservation.

Disclosed are devices, methods and/or systems for use in protecting items and/or structures that are exposed to, submerged and/or partially submerged in aquatic environments from contamination and/or fouling due to the incursion and/or colonization by specific types and/or kinds of biologic organisms and/or plants, including the protection from micro- and/or macro-fouling for extended periods of time of exposure to aquatic environments.

Disclosed are devices, methods and/or systems for use in protecting items and/or structures that are exposed to, submerged and/or partially submerged in aquatic environments from contamination and/or fouling due to the incursion and/or colonization by specific types and/or kinds of biologic organisms and/or plants, including the protection from micro- and/or macro-fouling for extended periods of time of exposure to aquatic environments.

Provided is a sheet laminate that enables the purification performance of a wastewater treatment apparatus to be maintained. A sheet laminate 21 is used in a wastewater treatment apparatus for purifying wastewater using action of microorganisms in the wastewater. The sheet laminate 21 comprises a base material 211 and a gas-permeable non-porous layer 212, the base material 211 being a microporous membrane.

A deep sludge dewatering method using electroosmosis with filter bags, including (1) placing a filter bag on a slope on which a cathode electrode is arranged; (2) injecting sludge into the filter bag, and after the filter bag is filled with the sludge, closing an inlet of the filter bag; and (3) laying an anode electrode on the filter bag filled with the sludge, and connecting the cathode electrode and the anode electrode to a DC power supply via an electric wire, and carrying out energization for electroosmosis so that water flows down the slope. The present invention can be used for recycling of the sludge produced in underground and tunnel excavation projects, and has the advantages of large processing capacity, simple process, good treatment effect and available resource recycling.