THE PRESENT INVENTION RELATES TO AN APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A COMPOSITE DEIONIZATION ELECTRODE, IN WHICH, IN A COMPOSITE DEIONIZATION ELECTRODE MANUFACTURING PROCESS, AN ION EXCHANGE LAYER HAVING A UNIFORM THICKNESS CAN BE COATED IN A STATE IN WHICH THE TENSION OF A SHEET ON WHICH THE ION EXCHANGE LAYER IS FORMED CAN BE SUFFICIENTLY SECURED, THUS ENABLING THE MASS PRODUCTION OF A HIGH-QUALITY COMPOSITE DEIONIZATION ELECTRODE.

The present invention aims to improve the separation selectivity for light gases such as hydrogen and helium. The gas separation membrane according to the present invention includes a porous support layer and a separation functional layer containing a cross-linked polyamide and laid on the porous support layer, wherein: the separation functional layer has a protuberance structure containing a plurality of protrusions and recesses; randomly selected 20 of the protrusions on the surface of the separation functional layer indented under a load of 3 nN and observed in pure water at 25° C. by atomic force microscopy give an average deformation of 5.0 nm or more and 10.0 nm or less; and they give a standard deviation of the deformation of 5.0 nm or less.

The present invention relates to the field of air filtration, in particular to a polytetrafluoroethylene composite filter material. The polytetrafluoroethylene composite filter material comprises a supporting layer and a polytetrafluoroethylene film layer, wherein the supporting layer is a silver-plated carbon nanomaterial-modified meltblown nonwoven fabric. The polytetrafluoroethylene composite filter material is prepared by fiberizing a resin material modified by silver-plated carbon nanomaterial on the surface of a polytetrafluoroethylene film by a melt-blowing method. The polytetrafluoroethylene composite filter material of the present invention combines filtering and sterilizing functions, has higher filtering efficiency and filtering precision, has the functions of sterilizing and killing viruses, has a good isolation effect, and greatly prolongs the service life of the filter material.

Disclosed is the preparation of composite fluid separation membranes based on poly (aryl ether ketone) (PAEK) polymers with the separation layer formed by a layer-by-layer reticular synthesis. The porous PAEK substrate is semicrystalline, exhibits a mesoporous surface structure, and is surface functionalized. The separation layer formed by the hierarchical layer-by-layer process is in the form of a covalent organic network integrally linked via covalent bonds to the functional groups of the substrate. The composite separation layer may be synthesized in situ in a preformed separation device on the surface of the PAEK substrate. Device configurations include flat sheet, spiral wound, monolith, and hollow fiber configurations with the hollow fiber configuration being preferred. Hollow fibers are formed from PAEK polymers with poly (ether ether ketone) and poly (ether ketone) particularly preferred. Composite PAEK membranes of the present invention are useful for a broad range of fluid separation applications.

There is provided a multi-layered membrane comprising a top layer, a bottom layer, and a spacer layer; wherein said spacer layer is interposed between said top layer and said bottom layer; wherein said top layer, said bottom layer and said spacer layer are each independently composed of one or more selective layers, each selective layer comprising a 2D material; wherein said spacer layer comprises at least one channel for receiving a fluid; wherein said bottom layer comprises a hole with an area in the range of 1 μm.sup.2 to 1 mm.sup.2; and wherein said hole is capable of being in fluid communication with said at least one channels of said spacer layer.

There is also provided a method to synthesize the top layer of a multi-layered membrane as disclosed herein, methods for separating a plurality of ions or molecules in a fluid stream, a device comprising a multi-layered membrane as disclosed herein, and use of the method or the device as disclosed herein in osmotic power generation.

A low cost, sandwich-structured thin film composite (TFC) anion exchange membrane for redox flow batteries, fuel cells, electrolysis, and other electrochemical reaction applications is described. The sandwich-structured TFC anion exchange membrane comprises a microporous substrate membrane, a first hydrophilic ionomeric polymer coating layer on the surface of the microporous substrate layer, a cross-linked protonated polyamine anion exchange polymer coating layer on top of the first hydrophilic ionomeric polymer coating layer, and a second hydrophilic ionomeric polymer protective layer on top of the cross-linked protonated polyamine anion exchange polymer coating layer. Methods of making the TFC anion exchange membrane comprises a microporous substrate membrane and redox flow battery system incorporating the TFC anion exchange membrane comprises a microporous substrate membrane are also described.

A method for preparing a nanofiltration membrane and a nanofiltration membrane prepared therefrom, the method comprising the following steps: dissolving a polymer in a solvent to prepare a polymer solution, and curing the polymer solution on a support material to form a base membrane; sequentially applying a first liquid-phase solution and a second liquid-phase solution on the base membrane to form a nascent membrane; densifying the nascent membrane by using a solution that contains an alkaline substance; processing the densified nascent membrane by using a solution that contains an acidic substance; and obtaining the nanofiltration membrane after post-processing and drying.

A membrane is described for purifying or separating hydrogen from a multi-component gas stream such as syngas. This membrane uses a molecular pre-treatment, a transition metal, fluorine containing polymer, carbon fibers and carbon matrix sintered on a supportive screen. The membrane may be a bilayer membrane comprised of a layer containing high surface area carbon and another layer containing lower surface area carbon. Methods for purifying hydrogen are also described.

There is provided a membrane comprising: a porous support layer having a first surface and a second surface; a palladium (Pd)-based selective layer on a first surface of the support layer; and a zeolite protective layer on a second surface of the support layer, wherein the support layer is between the Pd-based selective layer and the zeolite protective layer. There is also provided a method of forming the same.

The present invention relates to an anti-fouling, semi-permeable membrane comprising a porous support layer, a thin film composite (TFC) layer formed on a surface of the support layer, and a cross-linked polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) layer formed on top of the TFC layer, wherein the cross-linked PVA layer is the reaction product of PVA and a cross-linking agent, said cross-linking agent being a polybasic acid comprising three or more acid groups or precursors thereof. The obtained membrane shows a high water flux and a low roughness suitable for an effective membrane notable for feed solution having a tendency of fouling the membrane.